User:Akerbeltz

2012-07-29T22:11:55Z

Akerbeltz: Created page with ''S mise '''Akerbeltz''' no '''Michael Bauer''' agus tha làmh agam ann an iomadh gnothach ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig ach gu h-àraidh: * Eadar-theangachadh is leasachadh bathar-…'

'S mise '''Akerbeltz''' no '''Michael Bauer''' agus tha làmh agam ann an iomadh gnothach ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig ach gu h-àraidh:
* Eadar-theangachadh is leasachadh bathar-bog (faicibh [http://www.iGaidhlig.net iGàidhlig])
* Goireasan faclaireachd (faicibh [http://www.faclair.com Am Faclair Beag])
* Goireasan ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig (faicibh [http://www.akerbeltz.org Goireasan Gàidhlig air an lìon])
* Teagasg fuaimneachadh na Gàidhlig agus ri linn sinn, mo mhac as sine, [http://www.akerbeltz.ez Blas na Gàidhlig], leabhar a theagaisgeas fuaimneachadh na Gàidhlig do dh'inbhich

Tha cridhe fir-chànanachais is acadamaigich annam fhathast, ged nach eil mi ag obair ann tuilleadh - a bharrachd air pròiseactan mar seo an-dràsta 's a-rithist!

Faigh (irregular verb)

2012-07-29T22:05:37Z

Akerbeltz: /* Past tense */

The irregular verb ''Faigh'' means "to get". ''Faigh'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic.

==Summary of forms==

*Independent forms of the verb ''Faigh'' are used without any particles.
*Dependent forms of the verb ''faigh'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'' and other verbal particles.

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!After Cha(n)||Dependent
|-align=center
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past
|colspan="2"|fhuair
|d'fhuair
|-align=center
!Future
|gheibh
|fhaigh
|faigh
|-align=center
!Relative Future
|colspan="2"|---||gheibh
|-align=center
!rowspan="3"|impersonal!!past
| fhuaras/fhuaradh
|colspan="2"|d'fhuaras
|-align=center
!future
|gheibhear
|fhaighear
|faighear
|-align=center
!relative future
|colspan="2"|---
|gheibhear
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
|gheibheadh1 (gheibhinn2 in 1st sing) (gheibheamaid2 in 1st pl)
|fhaigheadh1 (fhaighinn2 in 1st sing) (fhaigheamaid2 in 1st pl)
|faigheadh1 (faighinn2 in 1st sing) (faigheamaid2 in 1st pl)
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|impersonal
|gheibhte
|fhaighte
|faighte
|-align=center
!rowspan="5"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|1st person!!singular
|faigheam2,3
|colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
|-align=center
!plural
|faigheamaid2,3
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
|faigh2
|-align=center
!plural
|faighibh2
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|3rd person
|faigheadh e, i, iad3
|-align=center
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
|faighinn/faotainn
|}
Notes:
*1 with the past tense, relative future and impersonal forms of this verb, the pronoun ''tu'' is used instead of ''thu''
*2 these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])
*3 extremely rare/archaic.

==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
===[[Active voice (definition)|Active Voice]]===
====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question!!embedded
|-
! 1
|Fhuair mi ||an d'fhuair mi ||cha d'fhuair mi||nach d'fhuair mi||gun d'fhuair mi
|-
!2
|Fhuair thu ||an d'fhuair tu ||cha d'fhuair tu||nach d'fhuair tu||gun d'fhuair tu
|-
!3 masc
|Fhuair e||an d'fhuair e||cha d'fhuair e||nach d'fhuair e||gun d'fhuair e
|-
!3 fem
|Fhuair i||an d'fhuair i||cha d'fhuair i||nach d'fhuair i||gun d'fhuair i
|-
! 1 pl
|Fhuair sinn ||an d'fhuair sinn ||cha d'fhuair sinn||nach d'fhuair sinn||gun d'fhuair sinn
|-
!2 pl
|Fhuair sibh ||an d'fhuair sibh ||cha d'fhuair sibh||nach d'fhuair sibh||gun d'fhuair sibh
|-
!3 pl
|Fhuair iad||an d'fhuair iad||cha d'fhuair iad||nach d'fhuair iad||gun d'fhuair iad
|}

====Present tense====

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I get something") or a progressive meaning (I am getting something is intended, the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

:{|
|Tha||mi||a' ||faighinn
|-
|be.pres||1s||prog||get.vn
|-
|I'm getting/I get
|}

====Future tense====

The [[Future Tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[Habitual Aspect (definition)|habitual]].

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future1
|-
! 1
|gheibh mi ||am faigh mi ||chan fhaigh mi||nach faigh mi||a gheibh mi
|-
!2
|gheibh thu ||am faigh thu ||chan fhaigh thu||nach faigh thu||a gheibh thu
|-
!3 masc
|gheibh e||am faigh e||chan fhaigh e||nach faigh e||a gheibh e
|-
!3 fem
|gheibh i||am faigh i||chan fhaigh i||nach faigh i ||a gheibh i
|-
! 1 pl
|gheibh sinn ||am faigh sinn ||chan fhaigh sinn||nach faigh sinn||a gheibh sinn
|-
!2 pl
|gheibh sibh ||am faigh sibh ||chan fhaigh sibh||nach faigh sibh||a gheibh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|gheibh iad||am faigh iad||chan fhaigh iad||nach faigh iad||a gheibh iad
|}

Note:
# the relative future is used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.

----

===Impersonal/Passive Voice===

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic]] construction using the verbs ''Rach'' or ''Tha'' + the passive marker ''air''. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. ''fhuaras'' can be best translated as "someone got". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "fhuaras" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "fhuaras mi" means "Someone got me". This is often translated as "I was got", hence the typical "passive" label.

Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling [[Modern Irish]]), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was got, not the getter).

====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
|fhuaras mi ||an d'fhuaras mi ||cha d'fhuaras mi||nach d'fhuaras mi
|-
!2
|fhuaras tu1 ||an d'fhuaras tu ||cha d'fhuaras tu||nach d'fhuaras tu
|-
!3 masc
|fhuaras e||an d'fhuaras e||cha d'fhuaras e||nach d'fhuaras e
|-
!3 fem
|fhuaras i||an d'fhuaras i||cha d'fhuaras i||nach d'fhuaras i
|-
! 1 pl
|fhuaras sinn ||an d'fhuaras sinn ||cha d'fhuaras sinn||nach d'fhuaras sinn
|-
!2 pl
|fhuaras sibh ||an d'fhuaras sibh ||cha d'fhuaras sibh||nach d'fhuaras sibh
|-
!3 pl
|fhuaras iad||an d'fhuaras iad||cha d'fhuaras iad||nach d'fhuaras iad
|}
Notes:
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''

====Present tense====

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. But if forced, one would use a passive periphrastic construction using the present tense of the verb ''bi'' followed by the derived subject followed by ''air'' and finally the verb in verbal noun form:

:{|
|Tha||mi||air||faighinn
|-
|be.pres||1s||passive||got.vn
|-
|colspan="4"|"I am got"
|}

====Future tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future1
|-
! 1
|gheibhear mi ||am faighear mi ||chan fhaighear mi||nach faighear mi||a gheibhear mi
|-
!2
|gheibhear thu ||am faighear thu ||chan fhaighear thu||nach faighear thu||a gheibhear thu
|-
!3 masc
|gheibhear e||am faighear e||chan fhaighear e||nach faighear e||a gheibhear e
|-
!3 fem
|gheibhear i||am faighear i||chan fhaighear i||nach faighear i ||a gheibhear i
|-
! 1 pl
|gheibhear sinn ||am faighear sinn ||chan fhaighear sinn||nach faighear sinn||a gheibhear sinn
|-
!2
|gheibhear sibh ||am faighear sibh ||chan fhaighear sibh||nach faighear sibh||a gheibhear sibh
|-
!3 pl
|gheibhear iad||am faighear iad||chan fhaighear iad||nach faighear iad||a gheibhear iad
|}
Notes
# the relative future is used after certain particles such as ''a'' the particle used with questions, or ''ma'' "if".

==Conditional Mood==
====Active====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| gheibhinn1 ||am faighinn ||chan fhaighinn||nach faighinn
|-
!2
|gheibheadh tu2||am faigheadh tu ||chan fhaigheadh tu||nach faigheadh tu
|-
!3 masc
|gheibheadh e||am faigheadh e||chan fhaigheadh e||nach faigheadh e
|-
!3 fem
|gheibheadh i||am faigheadh i||chan fhaigheadh i||nach faigheadh i
|-
! 1 pl
|gheibheadh sinn (gheibheamaid3)||am faigheadh sinn (am faigheamaid3)||chan fhaigheadh sinn (chan fhaigheamaid3)||nach faigheadh sinn (nach faigheamaid3)
|-
!2 pl
|gheibheadh sibh ||am faigheadh sibh ||chan fhaigheadh sibh||nach faigheadh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|gheibheadh iad||am faigheadh iad||chan fhaigheadh iad||nach faigheadh iad
|}
Notes:
#The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.

====passive====

The pronouns here are OBJECT pronouns, not subjects!! "I would be got" etc.

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| gheibhte mi||am faighte mi ||chan fhaighte mi||nach faighte mi
|-
!2
|gheibhte thu||am faighte thu ||chan fhaighte thu||nach faighte thu
|-
!3 masc
|gheibhte e||am faighte e||chan fhaighte e||nach faighte e
|-
!3 fem
|gheibhte i||am faighte i||chan fhaighte i||nach faighte i
|-
! 1 pl
|gheibhte sinn ||am faighte sinn ||chan fhaighte sinn||nach faighte sinn
|-
!2 pl
|gheibhte sibh ||am faighte sibh ||chan fhaighte sibh||nach faighte sibh
|-
!3 pl
|gheibhte iad||am faighte iad||chan fhaighte iad||nach faighte iad
|}

==Imperative Mood==

The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Get!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me get", "let us get", "let he/she/them get". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without [[Lenition|lenition]]

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!colspan="2"|person
!form
|-
!rowspan="4"|singular
!1
|faigheam1
|-
!2
|faigh1
|-
!3 masc
|faigheadh e
|-
!3 fem
|faigheadh i
|-
!rowspan="3"|plural
!1
|faigheamaid1
|-
!2
|faighibh1
|-
!3
|faigheadh iad
|}
Notes
# The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.

==[[References]]==
*[[Ronald Black|Black, Ronald]] (2006) ''Cothrom Ionnsachaidh'' Peebles: Self-published.
*[[Michel Byrne|Byrne, Michel]] (2002) ''Gràmar na Gàidhlig''. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
*Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2006), ''Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
*[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa

[[Category: Lexical Item]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Scottish Gaelic Grammar Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Akerbeltz

Faigh (irregular verb)