Scottish Gaelic Grammar Wiki - User contributions [en]

Future Tense (definition)

2011-12-14T10:12:33Z

Amtroy:

A verb form that implies that an action will happen at a later time, relative to the time in which the sentence is being uttered. In English, future auxiliary verbs include, will, have, should, might, etc,

==See Also==
*[[Past Tense (definition)]]
*[[Present Tense (definition)]]
*[[Tense (definition)]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Tense

http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/FutureTense

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Tense]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Exclamation (definition)

2011-12-14T10:05:42Z

Amtroy:

A syntactic element of a sentence, which expresses a particular emotion, usually surprise, but also anger, sadness etc. Sometimes exclamations are also called interjections, because they are injected into a sentence and provide more added semantic meaning than syntactic meaning. Examples, in English include, Oh! Wow! No! Please!etc. They are typically marked with an exclamation point and are said with a raised intonation.

==See Also==

==External Links==
http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Exclamations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_mark

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnExclamation.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Direct Object (definition)

2011-12-14T09:59:07Z

Amtroy:

A syntactic element of a sentence that is one of two main constituents. The object in a sentence is almost always a noun phrase containing an experiencer or a noun that is experiencing some sort of action being performed by the subject.

==See Also==
*[[Grammatical Relation (definition)]]
*[[Subject (definition)]]
*[[Indirect Object (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Object#Types_of_object
*http://www1.fccj.edu/lchandouts/communicationshandouts/.../PS-4.doc

==References==

*Carnie, Andrew (2006) Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Malden, Wiley Blackwell.

*Matthews, P. H. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Grammatical Relations]]

Derivational Morphology (definition)

2011-12-14T09:54:18Z

Amtroy:

The process in which a suffix is added to a word and changes it's syntactic role. For example, taking the verb ''swim'', and adding the derivational suffix '''-er''', turns the verb ''swim'' into the noun ''swimmer''

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Demonstrative (definition)

2011-12-14T09:49:16Z

Amtroy:

Demonstratives are words with a [[Deictic (definition)|deictic]] function that single out a noun or pronoun and indicate that it stands out in a semantic context for one reason or another.In English we have two deictic [[Articles|articles]], this and that. In Gaelic, demonstratives are not articles but particles that follow nouns. Three different particles are used: ''seo'' (here/this), ''sin'' (there/that), "siud" (yonder/that over there).

==See Also==
*[[Demonstratives]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Conjunction (definition)

2011-12-14T09:39:47Z

Amtroy:

Conjunctions link two related words or phrases together into a single phrase, adding to the meaning by relating two actions, words or phrases, or by contrasting two actions, words or phrases. For example, in the sentence ''The girl went to karaoke '''and''' watched, '''but''' she would not sing'', '''and''' and '''but''' are conjunctions. English conjunctions include ''and'', ''or'', "but." In Gaelic the conjunctions include:

*'''ach'', "but"
*''agus'' or '' 's'' or '' 'is'', "and"
*"no" (pronounced <nowiki>[n</nowiki><sup>j</sup>o], "or"

==See Also==
*[[Complementizer (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. '' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]
[[Category: Lexical Item]]

Conjunction (definition)

2011-12-14T09:38:38Z

Amtroy:

Conjunctions link two related words or phrases together into a single phrase, adding to the meaning by relating two actions, words or phrases, or contrasting two actions, words or phrases. For example, in the sentence ''The girl went to karaoke '''and''' watched, '''but''' she would not sing'', '''and''' and '''but''' are conjunctions. English conjunctions include ''and'', ''or'', "but." In Gaelic the conjunctions include:

*'''ach'', "but"
*''agus'' or '' 's'' or '' 'is'', "and"
*"no" (pronounced <nowiki>[n</nowiki><sup>j</sup>o], "or"

==See Also==
*[[Complementizer (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. '' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]
[[Category: Lexical Item]]

Closed Class (definition)

2011-12-14T09:32:02Z

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A semantic class of words whose syntactic function in a sentence is to denote the relationship between the words in the sentence that are part of the open class, such as nouns and verbs. The closed class is so named because it is very rarely a group of words that can be added to. In English, the closed class, includes words like if, and, over, under, in. The open class includes nouns and verbs, which can always be added to, the word "google" is a good example of this. In the sentence, "If '''George''' had '''googled''' the''' blorp''', he would have '''known''' what it was." the words''' George''', '''googled''', '''blorp''' and '''known''' can be replaced: "'''If''' Patty''' had''' watched '''the''' tinker she '''would have''' understood '''what''' it '''was'''." In contrast, replacing words like "if" "the" "had" etc. is much more difficult because they are members of the closed class.

==See Also==

==External Links==
Note: Wikipedia can be edited by anyone and often pages are vandalized or uninformed, So be careful with any links posted below!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_class

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]

Cardinal Number (definition)

2011-12-14T09:16:10Z

Amtroy:

Numbers that are used in the syntactical sense for denoting a quantity. . For example, in the sentence, "That cool cat had three chicks" Three is a cardinal number, as a opposed to '''ordinal numbers''' which indicate order, as in first, second, and third, or '''numerals''' which are the specific words in a language that represent a number, like the word ''one-hundred''.

==See also==
*[[Ordinal Number (definition)]]
*[[Numerals]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_numbers

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Other]]

Cardinal Number (definition)

2011-12-14T09:10:12Z

Amtroy:

Cardinal numbers are numbers that are used in the syntactical sense for denoting number. They are the numbers that are used for counting. For example, in the sentence, "That cool cat had three chicks" Three is a cardinal number, as a opposed to ordinal numbers which indicate order, as in first, second, and third, or numerals which are the specific words in a language that represent a number, like the word one-hundred.

==See also==
*[[Ordinal Number (definition)]]
*[[Numerals]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_numbers

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Other]]

Acoustic Phonetics (definition)

2011-12-08T08:58:38Z

Amtroy:

A particular field of phonetics which is concerned with the specifics of sound once it is produced. Acoustic phonetics focuses on elements of sound such as frequency, duration, intensity etc. Sound can be recorded and then represented on a chart called a spectrogram, which helps visualize these elements. Depending on the look of each sound's spectrogram phoneticians can tell what type of sound was being made, specifics about how it was produced, and how a hearer might perceive the sound.

==See also==
*[[Phonetics (definition)]]
*[[Articulatory Phonetics (definition)]]
*[[Auditory Phonetics (definition)]]

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_phonetics

*http://www.asel.udel.edu/speech/tutorials/index.html

*http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics/Acoustics/Acoustics.html

==References==
[[Category:Phonetics]]
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Articulatory Phonetics (definition)

2011-12-08T08:46:15Z

Amtroy:

A particular field of phonetics which studies the physiological components of sound production. When a person produces a sound, they employ their tongue, teeth, hard pallet, soft pallet, glottis, vocal cords, diaphragm, etc. Articulatory phonetics looks specifically at each of these articulators and pays special attention to how each person uses them to produce a specific sound.
==See also==
*[[Phonetics (definition)]]
*[[Auditory Phonetics (definition)]]
*[[Acoustic Phonetics (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonetics

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Phonetics]]

Theta Role (definition)

2011-12-08T08:32:43Z

Amtroy:

A concept in generative grammar, which is representative of the arguments required by different types of verbs. Different verbs, IE: transitive, instranstive,ditransitive, etc require subjects, or subjects and objects,or subjects, objects, and indirect objects, and so on. Each of these arguments has a designated theta role which specifies its particular semantic relation to the verb and to other words in the sentence. Examples of theta roles include: agent, experiencer, goal, source, etc.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Theme (definition)

2011-12-08T08:15:06Z

Amtroy:

A semantic element of a sentence whose theta role is defined as a noun whose position or condition has changes due to an action that has effected it. For example, in the sentence ''Billy gave the '''book''' to Abby''. '''Book''' is the theme, because it has changed hands or positions.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node8.html
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Subject (definition)

2011-12-08T08:02:55Z

Amtroy:

A syntactic element of a sentence that is one of two main constituents. The subject in a sentence is almost always a noun phrase containing an agent or a noun that is performing some sort of action. In English, the subject is usually linked to its complimentary constituent the predicate, which contains a verb and modifies the subject, indicating the subject’s subsequent action or state of being.
==See Also==
[[Object (definition)]]
[[Indirect Object (definition)]]
[[Case (definition)]]

==External Links==
Warning: use www.wikipedia.org articles with caution, they often include inaccurate information.

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar)
*http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Subject

==References==
*Crystal, David. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. The language library. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1997.
*Crystal, David, and David Crystal. The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin, 1999.
*Matthews, P. H. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Grammatical Relations]]

Source (definition)

2011-12-08T07:40:33Z

Amtroy:

A semantic element of a sentence whose theta role deals specifically with a case involving a to from motion. The source in a sentence is the location where the motion begins, for example in the sentence ''The girls walked from '''home''', all the way to the mall.'' '''home''' would be the source.

==See Also==

==External Links==
http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm
==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Root (definition)

2011-12-05T20:03:38Z

Amtroy:

The main unit of a morpheme that has the most semantic value, and therefore provides the very basic meaning of the word. It can be combined with other derivational or inflectional affixes in order to change form, tense, or number, but the root itself cannot be broken down into any smaller parts. For example, given the word “'''sing'''-er” the verb sing is the root, and –er is the derivational affix, which changes the word into a noun. Or in the word “'''child'''-ren” Child is the root, and –ren is the inflectional affix that indicates the plural.

==See Also==
[[Affix (definition)]]

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)

http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Root-(linguistics)

http://wapedia.mobi/en/root_(linguistics)

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Relative Future (definition)

2011-12-05T19:47:09Z

Amtroy:

A tense that refers to a future action about to occur at a time that is determined by the context of the phrase, and not necessarily the time indicated in the rest of the sentence. For example, “The professor who was'' about to teach'' grammar, ''wrote'' on the board” “The professor who'' was about to'' teach grammar ''was writing'' on the board. “The professor who ''was about to'' teach grammar ''was going to write'' on the board.”

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsRelativeFutureTense.htm
*http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/relative_future_tense

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Tense]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Present Participle (definition)

2011-12-05T19:20:41Z

Amtroy:

In English, this is a verb that combines with the present form of the verb “to be” to indicate an action which is happening in the present. For example, ''The dog is barking.'' ''The people are walking.'' etc. The present participle can also be used as an adjective, as in ''The sleeping cat purrs.''
==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/present-participle.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_participle

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/free/news/0gpresentparticiples.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Prepositional Phrase (definition)

2011-12-05T19:03:22Z

Amtroy:

==See Also==
The syntactic element that consists of a [[preposition]] (which expresses spatial relation or indicates syntactic functions or semantic roles) and it’s constituent or compliment. The compliment is typically a noun phrase that is relating to the rest of the sentence or phrase through the preposition.
==External Links==

==References==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Predicate (definition)

2011-12-05T18:39:26Z

Amtroy:

The syntactic element that makes up one of two constituents in a sentence. The predicate contains a verb and modifies the subject, indicating the subject’s subsequent action or state of being.

==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar)

*http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predterm.htm

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Postaspiration (definition)

2011-12-05T18:22:39Z

Amtroy:

An audible burst of air following a consonant. In Scottish Gaelic, postaspiration tends to come after a stop that is in the onset of a stressed syllable.
==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://www.unice.fr/dsl/ocp7/abstracts/Casserly,%20Elizabeth.pdf

==References==
http://www.uni-due.de/DI/Scottish_Gaelic.htm
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Phonetics]]

Possessive Pronoun (definition)

2011-11-21T09:26:57Z

Amtroy:

A word in a language whose syntactic role is to take the place of a possessive noun. For example, in the English sentence, “This doll is ''hers''” ''hers'' is a '''possessive pronoun''' that indicates that the doll belongs to a particular female. Possessive pronouns in English are mine, his, hers, yours, their, theirs, its.

''For a list of the possessive pronouns of Gaelic See [[Possessive Pronouns]]''

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_(linguistics)

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Possession_(linguistics)

==References==

[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Phoneme (definition)

2011-11-21T09:16:58Z

Amtroy:

Is the smallest unit of sound which represent an orthographic symbol or a combination of orthographic symbols that may be combined to form a morpheme, or word. For example, in English the letters “T and H” form one sound, and the phoneme the two create is the interdental fricative that is represented in IPA as: /θ/(unvoiced)or /ð/ (voiced). So given the transcription,/ðə/ for "the", each symbol ð and ə is a '''phoneme''' which represents a sound.

==See Also==
*[[Allophone (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme
*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhoneme.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David (1997). ''Dictionary of linguistics and Phonetics.'' Malden: Blackwell

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]

Pharynx (definition)

2011-11-21T09:01:16Z

Amtroy:

In phonetics it is important to speech because the '''pharynx''' is an articulator that helps with vocalization. It is located in the throat just above the esophagus and larynx.

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pharynx

http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/ladefoge/manual%20files/chapter6.pdf

==References==

[[Category: Phonetics]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Numeral (definition)

2011-11-21T08:42:03Z

Amtroy:

Are the words or symbols that are spoken or written represent numbers. For example, in English, cardinal numerals are “one” “two” “three”, etc. or 1,2,3 and ordinal numerals are 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Ordinal Number (definition)

2011-11-21T08:41:07Z

Amtroy:

Are the words or symbols that are spoken or written to represent numerical order. For example, in English, '''cardinal numerals''' are 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.

==See Also==
*[[Cardinal Number (definition)]]
*[[Numbers]]
*[[Numerals]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number_(linguistics)

==References==
[[Category: Other]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Oblique (definition)

2011-11-21T08:34:00Z

Amtroy:

Refers to a noun whose syntactic role is the object of the sentence, or is the subject of a preposition. In some languages the oblique is a particular case for a noun.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Numeral (definition)

2011-11-21T08:25:46Z

Amtroy:

Are the words or symbols that orthographically represent numbers. For example, in English, cardinal numerals are “one” “two” “three”, etc. or 1,2,3 and ordinal numerals are 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Noun Phrase (definition)

2011-11-21T08:15:54Z

Amtroy:

A syntactic element which is headed my a noun or a pronoun. In a noun phrase the noun can be modified by an article/determiner or an adjective. For example, in English. “The Man” is a noun phrase, in which "the" is a determiner which modifies "man"- a noun that is the head of the''' noun phrase'''.

==See Also==
==External Links==

*http://languagestudy.suite101.com/article.cfm/english_nouns_and_noun_phrases
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase
*http://www.criticalreading.com/noun_phrase.htm
*An Coitcheann page on Nouns: http://wikademy.wikispaces.com/Nouns

==References==

[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Nasalization (definition)

2011-11-21T07:57:14Z

Amtroy:

The phenomena in which a consonant or vowel becomes nasalized- (a process where the velum is lowered so that air is forced through the nose instead of the mouth). This sometimes manifests in English, or other languages as assimilation. In English the nasal consonants are n,m, and ŋ. To show that a consonant or vowel has been nasalized, it is often marked with a tilde.

==See Also==

==External Link==

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]

Nasalization (definition)

2011-11-21T07:44:31Z

Amtroy: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Link==

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]

Lenition (definition)

2011-11-21T07:38:02Z

Amtroy:

The phenomena in which an underlying consonant changes to another phoneme, to create a “weaker” or "softer" form of the consonant. For example, a consonant may become more sonorant (or vowel like) or a /t/ might become and flap [ɾ].For example, in English, the orthographic representation for water is with a /t/ but instead of it being pronounced /wɔtər/ it’s typically pronounced [wɔɾər]with a flap instead.

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition

http://www.mediaevalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Intonation (definition)

2011-11-19T22:19:16Z

Amtroy:

A change of pitch in a language that may give some indication of syntactic information. For example in English- a rising intonation at the end of a phrase indicates a question. This is not to be confused with tone, which in some languages can indicate a completely different word and meaning.
==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)

http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec3/inton.htm

==References==
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Initial Consonant Mutation (definition)

2011-11-19T22:12:23Z

Amtroy:

The phenomena in which a consonant at the beginning of a word or syllable changes due to its phonological or syntactic environment.

*[[Lenition]]
*[[Eclipsis]]
==See Also==
==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_mutation

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Alternation_(linguistics)

==References==
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Morphology]]
[[Category:Phonology]]

Inflectional Morphology (definition)

2011-11-19T21:53:51Z

Amtroy:

In English, inflectional morphology changes a word’s number or tense, but not its syntactic category. For example, with push''ed'', the added –''ed'' affix is an inflectional morpheme which makes the word "push" past tense, unlike the word play''er''- where the affix –''er'' is a derivational morpheme which changes the verb play- into the noun player.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Inflection (definition)

2011-11-19T21:47:21Z

Amtroy:

An affix that when added to a word, changes its case, number or gender. In English the affix –s is an inflectional affix that changes the number of a noun to the plural. Latin, for example is an inflectional language, and the ending affixes indicate a word’s relation to the other words in a sentence. For example, given the Latin word bruma (winter), the –a ending indicates that the word is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case.

==See Also==
==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsInflection.htm

http://www.indopedia.org/Inflection.html

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Morphology]]

Definite (definition)

2011-11-19T21:24:23Z

Amtroy:

Within the closed class, there are articles, which in English, always accompany a noun. An article that is '''definite''' indicates that the noun it is accompanying is a specific noun that is to be set a part from all other nouns of the same name. For example in the sentence: "The boy got the basketball", ''The'' is specifying a particular boy, not just ''a'' boy. “A” and “an”, are indefinite articles in English.

==See Also==
*[[Indefinite (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)
*http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/apics/index.php/Definite_Articles_(Feature_28)

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Indefinite (definition)

2011-11-19T21:23:20Z

Amtroy:

Within the closed class, there are articles, which in English, always accompany a noun. An article that is indefinite indicates that the noun that the article is accompanying is a non specific noun that cannot be set apart from nouns with the same name. For example in the sentence: "''The'' girl got ''a'' doll", ''a'' is not specifying any particular doll, but ''the'' is specifying a particular girl.

==See Also==
[[Definite (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_article

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press..

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Imperative Clause (definition)

2011-11-19T21:15:32Z

Amtroy:

In English, an imperative clause is a clause that commands an action be done. Often there is no subject in an imperative clause, but it consists only of the command. For example, “Take out the trash.” is an '''imperative clause'''. It is a complete sentence, because the subject “you” is implied by the command.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Head (definition)

2011-11-19T21:01:56Z

Amtroy:

A word whose syntactic category defines the type of phrase it is in. It is also the word that is modified by the other words in the phrase. For example in the noun phrase, “the child” ''child'' is the noun- and it is the '''head''' of the phrase.
==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Habitual (definition)

2011-11-19T20:36:32Z

Amtroy:

A grammatical category of a verb in which the reference to the time an event happened according to the speaker's perspective, is ongoing. It is specifically a habitual event that happened in the past. This is one of the imperfective aspects. For example, given the sentence “I used to love linguistics”, the '''aspect''' of love- would be '''habitual'''.

==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Grammatical Function (definition)

2011-11-19T20:21:12Z

Amtroy:

Refers to the relationships between the main syntactical constructs in a sentence or clause, such as subjects, objects, adjuncts, and compliments.
==External Links==

http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/synlex/node42.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_function

http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/hollmann/203_week4.pdf

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Grammatical Aspect (definition)

2011-11-19T20:11:59Z

Amtroy:

Refers to verbs and how their tense or lack of tense is working to denote time in reference to the speaker’s perspective.

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect

http://www.indopedia.org/Grammatical_aspect.html

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Grammatical_aspect

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Aspect]]

Goal (definition)

2011-11-19T19:58:40Z

Amtroy:

A word whose theta role in a sentence is to act as the end location in a sentence that denotes movement. In the sentence, “John walked to the store” ''Store'' is the '''goal''' in this sentence.

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#goal_source_path

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Gestural Phonology (definition)

2011-11-19T18:56:56Z

Amtroy:

A phonological model in which each sound is broken down into smaller parts of articulation which make up that sound. For example the first gesture in the word “Matt” is to put one’s lips together.

==See Also==
==External Links==
http://www.haskins.yale.edu/research/gestural.html

==References==

[[Category: Phonology]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Dependent Verb Form (definition)

2011-11-19T18:04:04Z

Amtroy:

In Gaelic, the dependant verb form is used when a verb is accompanied by a function word called a particle, which may indicate negation, mood, case, etc.

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_verb_forms
*http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/node248.html

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Definite (definition)

2011-11-19T17:41:30Z

Amtroy:

Within the closed class, there are articles, which in English, always accompany a noun. An article that is '''definite''' indicates that the noun it is accompanying is a specific noun that is to be set a part from all other nouns. For example in the sentence: "The boy got the basketball", ''The'' is specifying a particular boy, not just ''a'' boy. “A” and “an”, are indefinite articles in English.

==See Also==
*[[Indefinite (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar)
*http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/apics/index.php/Definite_Articles_(Feature_28)

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Gerund (definition)

2011-10-06T20:06:26Z

Amtroy:

A form in which a word is both nominal and verbal. A gerund is a noun that posses verbal qualities such as tense and voice. Gerunds also take adverbial modifiers. In English the gerund ends in –ing. For example,in the sentence ''Swimming is fun,'' '''swimming''' is a gerund.
==See Also==

==External Links==

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Link title]]

Experiencer (definition)

2011-10-06T19:55:25Z

Amtroy:

A word in a sentence whose semantic role in relation to the verb, is to have received, accepted, or undergone the effect of an action. For example, in the sentence ''April tasted the sea salt'', '''April''' is an experiencer because she tasted something.

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsExperiencerAsASemanticRo.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]