https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Kmccullough 2026-06-02T00:57:19Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.27.1 https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Gestural_Phonology_(definition)&diff=5037 2021-01-22T16:44:04Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Gestural phonology''' is phonological model in which each sound is broken down into the individual articulatory actions that are used to produce a sound. For example, the first gesture in the word “Matt” is to pull one’s lips together to create the initial [m]. Under this model, sounds are described and stored as mental representations in terms of their composite gestures.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://www.haskins.yale.edu/research/gestural.html<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonology<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Hiatus_(definition)&diff=5036 2021-01-22T16:39:14Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Hiatus''' refers to a break in a vocalic sequence whereby each vowel belongs to a different syllable. For instance, the word ''hiatus'' [haɪ.e.təs] exhibits the phenomenon where the &quot; . &quot; marks the syllable break between the diphthong [aɪ] and the monophthong [e]. Many languages avoid hiatus by deleting a vowel or by adding a consonant via epenthesis.<br /> <br /> For information on Hiatus in Scottish Gaelic see [[Hiatus]].<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Hiatus]]<br /> *[[Syllable (definition)]]<br /> *[[Epenthesis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Epenthesis]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Hiatus<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)<br /> *Hualde, José and Monica Prieto (2002) On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: some experimental results. ''Linguistics'' 40: 217-234.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Hiatus_(definition)&diff=5035 2021-01-22T16:37:10Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Hiatus''' refers to a break in a vocalic sequence whereby each vowel belongs to a different syllable. For instance, the word ''hiatus'' [haɪ.e.təs] exhibits the phenomenon where the &quot; . &quot; marks the syllable break between the diphthong [aɪ] and the monophthong [e]. <br /> <br /> For information on Hiatus in Scottish Gaelic see [[Hiatus]]<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Hiatus]]<br /> *[[Syllable (definition)]]<br /> *[[Epenthesis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Epenthesis]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Hiatus<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)<br /> *Hualde, José and Monica Prieto (2002) On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: some experimental results. ''Linguistics'' 40: 217-234.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Intonation_(definition)&diff=5034 2021-01-22T16:35:06Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Intonation''' refers to the pitch patterns of a spoken language and is often characterized as a language's melodic quality. Aside from reflecting the speaker's emotions or intent, intonation is known to offer insight about an utterance's particular syntax. For example, intonation can change as a function of politeness and certainty, and serves syntactic functions like indicating a question (i.e. intonation rises at the end of a phrase to mark a question in English).<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> *[[Pitch (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/cgi-bin/moreabout.pl?tyimuh=intonation<br /> *https://sites.google.com/site/linguisticsportafilio/speech-organs<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stress_(definition)&diff=5033 2021-01-22T16:34:46Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Stress''' refers to the prominence of a syllable relative to the other syllables in a word or other prosodic domain. Phonetically, it is measured in terms of length (duration), amplitude (loudness), and frequency (pitch), where stressed syllables show greater length and amplitude and higher frequency. Stress can be used to distinguish meanings like in the differentiation between the noun and verb &quot;produce&quot; (e.g. 'produce (noun: fruits and vegetables) vs pro'duce (verb: to make something)). <br /> <br /> Stress in Gaelic is almost always on the initial (first) syllable of a word.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Pitch (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Unstressed_vowels<br /> *http://pachamamatrust.org/f2/1_K/commerce/Intro/002b_Stress_KCoA.htm<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Pitch_(definition)&diff=5032 2021-01-22T16:34:16Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Pitch''' is how humans perceive frequency, which is a measure of vocal fold vibration. Frequency is often measured in hertz (Hz) which is equal to one sound cycle (or vibration) per second. A greater number of cycles per second correlates with more Hz and higher pitch; fewer cycles results in lower pitch. Pitch is affected by the physical stature of the speaker which often determines the size of the vocal folds and the length of the vocal tract.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(music)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Intonation_(definition)&diff=5031 2021-01-22T16:05:39Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Intonation''' refers to the pitch patterns of a spoken language and is often characterized as a language's melodic quality. Aside from reflecting the speaker's emotions or intent, intonation is known to offer insight about an utterance's particular syntax. For example, intonation can change as a function of politeness and certainty, and serves syntactic functions like indicating a question (i.e. intonation rises at the end of a phrase to mark a question in English).<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/cgi-bin/moreabout.pl?tyimuh=intonation<br /> *https://sites.google.com/site/linguisticsportafilio/speech-organs<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Intonation_(definition)&diff=5030 2021-01-22T15:57:11Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Intonation''' refers to the pitch of sounds in a language that may give some indication of syntactic information. For example in English a rising intonation at the end of a phrase indicates a question. <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Phonology_(definition)&diff=5029 2021-01-22T15:53:21Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Phonology''' explores the distribution of sounds within a language. Phonologists are often concerned with the phoneme inventory of a particular language and the alternations between sounds in different contexts. Despite paying similar attention to speech sounds, phonology differs from phonetics in the concern it pays to the mental representation of those sounds. Phonologists can describe a sound relative to the other sounds with which it appears and by the changes it undergoes when the environment varies.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm<br /> *https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/Phonetics.htm#:~:text=Phonetics%20is%20the%20study%20of,a%20particular%20language%20or%20languages<br /> *http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PHONOLOGY1.htm<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stress_(definition)&diff=5028 2021-01-22T15:52:54Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Stress''' refers to the prominence of a syllable relative to the other syllables in a word or other prosodic domain. Phonetically, it is measured in terms of length (duration), amplitude (loudness), and frequency (pitch), where stressed syllables show greater length and amplitude and higher frequency. Stress can be used to distinguish meanings like in the differentiation between the noun and verb &quot;produce&quot; (e.g. 'produce (noun: fruits and vegetables) vs pro'duce (verb: to make something)). <br /> <br /> Stress in Gaelic is almost always on the initial (first) syllable of a word.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Unstressed_vowels<br /> *http://pachamamatrust.org/f2/1_K/commerce/Intro/002b_Stress_KCoA.htm<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Prosody_(definition)&diff=5027 2021-01-22T15:52:40Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Prosody''' covers a wide variety of facts and phenomena related to stress, intonation, rhythm, and phrasing. Phonologically, prosody is the description of suprasegmental units like feet, syllables, and moras and the concepts associated with those units; phonetically, prosody involves the measurement of parameters like duration, amplitude, and formant frequencies. Prosody is known to help with the organization and planning of speech and provide cues during language acquisition and speech processing.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> *Arvaniti, A. (2020, July 30). The Phonetics of Prosody. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. <br /> *http://liceu.uab.cat/publicacions/MATE_D1_1_6_Prosody/D11_6_Prosody.html<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stress_(definition)&diff=5026 2021-01-22T15:51:48Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>Stress refers to the prominence of a syllable relative to the other syllables in a word or other prosodic domain. Phonetically, it is measured in terms of length (duration), amplitude (loudness), and frequency (pitch), where stressed syllables show greater length and amplitude and higher frequency. Stress can be used to distinguish meanings like in the differentiation between the noun and verb &quot;produce&quot; (e.g. 'produce (noun: fruits and vegetables) vs pro'duce (verb: to make something)). <br /> <br /> Stress in Gaelic is almost always on the initial (first) syllable of a word.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Unstressed_vowels<br /> *http://pachamamatrust.org/f2/1_K/commerce/Intro/002b_Stress_KCoA.htm<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stress_(definition)&diff=5025 2021-01-22T15:51:01Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>Stress refers to the prominence of a syllable relative to the other syllables in a word or other prosodic domain. Phonetically, it is measured in terms of length (duration), amplitude (loudness), and frequency (pitch), where stressed syllables show greater length and amplitude and higher frequency. Stress can be used to distinguish meanings like in the differentiation between the noun and verb &quot;produce&quot; (e.g. 'produce (noun: fruits and vegetables) vs pro'duce (verb: to make something)). <br /> <br /> Stress in Gaelic is almost always on the initial (first) syllable of a word.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Unstressed_vowels<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stress_(definition)&diff=5024 2021-01-22T13:54:44Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>Stress refers to the prominence of certain syllables relative to others in terms of loudness, length and pitch. <br /> Stress in Gaelic is almost always on the initial (first) syllable of a word.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Prosody (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Unstressed_vowels<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category:Phonology]]<br /> [[Category:Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Prosody_(definition)&diff=5023 2021-01-22T13:53:27Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>Prosody covers a wide variety of facts and phenomena related to stress, intonation, rhythm, and phrasing. Phonologically, prosody is the description of suprasegmental units like feet, syllables, and moras and the concepts associated with those units; phonetically, prosody involves the measurement of parameters like duration, amplitude, and formant frequencies. Prosody is known to help with the organization and planning of speech and provide cues during language acquisition and speech processing.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> *Arvaniti, A. (2020, July 30). The Phonetics of Prosody. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. <br /> *http://liceu.uab.cat/publicacions/MATE_D1_1_6_Prosody/D11_6_Prosody.html<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Prosody_(definition)&diff=5022 2021-01-22T13:53:02Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>Prosody covers a wide variety of facts and phenomena related to stress, intonation, rhythm, and phrasing. Phonologically, prosody is the description of suprasegmental units like feet, syllables, and moras and the concepts associated with those units; phonetically, prosody involves parameters like duration, amplitude, and formant frequencies. Prosody is known to help with the organization and planning of speech and provide cues during language acquisition and speech processing.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> *[[Intonation (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> *Arvaniti, A. (2020, July 30). The Phonetics of Prosody. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. <br /> *http://liceu.uab.cat/publicacions/MATE_D1_1_6_Prosody/D11_6_Prosody.html<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Liquid_(definition)&diff=5021 2020-11-30T23:07:32Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Liquids''' are [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorant]] sounds that are produced with a fairly open vocal tract that is largely altered by the shape of the tongue. Liquids are pronounced with [[Lateral (definition)|lateral]] or [[Rhotic (definition)|rhotic]] articulation wherein air flows over the sides or the middle of the tongue, respectively. They can be syllabic or non-syllabic. <br /> <br /> The liquid sounds in English are [l, ɹ]. Gaelic has many more liquid sounds than English including [l, l' L, L', r, r', R, and R'].<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Lateral (definition)]]<br /> *[[Rhotic (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sonorant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Consonant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Manner of Articulation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=l_n_r<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_consonant<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Syllable_(definition)&diff=5020 2020-11-30T23:06:15Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''syllable''' is a unit of speech composed of at least a vowel. This vowel may or not be surrounded by one or more consonants. The vowel is referred to as the ''nucleus'' of the syllable; the consonantal material preceding the nucleus is known as the ''onset'' while the consonantal material following the nucleus is known as the ''coda''. In addition, the nucleus and the coda together form the ''rhyme''. Hence for instance, in the monosyllabic word ''cat'' [kæt], the vowel [æ] is the nucleus of the syllable, [k] is the onset, [t] is the coda and [æt] is the rhyme. A syllable without a coda is understood to be an ''open syllable'', while ''closed syllables'' have codas.<br /> <br /> Syllables can be stressed or unstressed depending on their location in a word and the patterns of a language. More often than not, unstressed syllables manifest reduced or centralized vowels like schwa ([ə]); such reduction can result in the neutralization of vowel contrasts made obvious in stressed positions. See the page on [[Stress (definition)|stress]] for more detail.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Coda (definition)]]<br /> *[[Rhyme (definition)]]<br /> *[[Onset (definition)]]<br /> *[[Mora (definition)]]<br /> *[[Stress (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASyllable.htm<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Length_(definition)&diff=5019 2020-11-30T23:00:40Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Length''' is a feature associated with consonants and vowels alike and refers to the duration of the utterance. In some dialects of Gaelic, vowel length is phonemic and such segments can be short or long. Long vowels are about twice as long as short vowels in the same environment but the distinction is usually neutralized in unstressed syllables. In the orthographic script, long vowels are are indicated with a grave accent on the vowel (à, è, ì, ò, ù). <br /> <br /> There also exists a phonemic contrast in length for sonorants in some dialects of Gaelic (e.g. /L:, N:, R:/). When the length distinction is not observed in the consonant, it is often observed on the vowel instead. See [[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]] for a more in-depth description.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Syllable (definition)]]<br /> *[[Orthography]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Vowels<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> *[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Orthography]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Attenuation&diff=5018 2020-11-30T22:53:01Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Attenuation''', also known as ''slenderization'', refers to the palatal characteristic of a consonant's secondary articulation. Slender sounds are said to be palatalized where the the tongue body is moved closer to the hard palate; these sounds contrast with broad sounds whose articulation involves the soft palate at the back of the mouth. The broad and slender distinction is marked overtly in the Gaelic writing system where slender consonants go with slender vowels (i.e. &lt;i, e&gt;) and broad consonants go with broad vowels (i.e. &lt;a, o u&gt;).<br /> <br /> In Gaelic, attenuation is sometimes used as a morphological cue in [[Noun Declension]] and is part of a four way phonemic contrast in sonorants.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Broad and Slender]]<br /> **[[Orthography]]<br /> *[[Velarization (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Orthography]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Velarization_(definition)&diff=5017 2020-11-30T22:44:51Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Velarization''' is a secondary articulation on consonants that references the back of the tongue's closeness to the velum. Velarized consonants like English's dark /l/ ([ɫ]), are produced with flatter tongue bodies as the back of the tongue approaches the soft palate. In the Celtic languages, velarization is also known as ''broadening'' and is distinct from ''slenderization'' (i.e. [[Attenuation (definition)|attenuation]]). The contrast is marked overtly in the Gaelic writing system; broad consonants are adjacent to one of the broad orthographic vowels &lt;a, o, u&gt;, while slender consonants are always adjacent to &lt;i, e&gt;.<br /> <br /> In Gaelic, velarization is sometimes used as a morphological cue in [[Noun Declension]] and is part of a four way phonemic contrast in sonorants.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Broad and Slender]]<br /> **[[Orthography]]<br /> *[[Attenuation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://www.sltinfo.com/allo101-velarization/<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarization<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Morphology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Velarization_(definition)&diff=5016 2020-11-30T22:41:30Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Velarization''' is a secondary articulation on consonants that references the back of the tongue's closeness to the velum. Velarized consonants like English's dark /l/ ([ɫ]), are produced with flatter tongue bodies as the back of the tongue approaches the soft palate. In the Celtic languages, velarization is also known as ''broadening'' and is distinct from ''slenderization'' (i.e. [[Attenuation (definition)|attenuation]]). This contrast is marked overtly in the Gaelic writing system; broad consonants are adjacent to one of the broad orthographic vowels &lt;a, o, u&gt;, while slender consonants are always adjacent to &lt;i, e&gt;.<br /> <br /> In Gaelic, velarization is sometimes used as a morphological cue in [[Noun Declension]].<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Broad and Slender]]<br /> **[[Orthography]]<br /> *[[Attenuation (definition)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://www.sltinfo.com/allo101-velarization/<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarization<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Morphology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Velarization_(definition)&diff=5015 2020-11-30T22:40:12Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Velarization''' is a secondary articulation on consonants that references the back of the tongue's closeness to the velum. Velarized consonants like English's dark /l/ ([ɫ]), are produced with flatter tongue bodies as the back of the tongue approaches the soft palate. In the Celtic languages, velarization is also known as ''broadening'' and is distinct from ''slenderization'' (i.e. [[Attenuation (definition)|attenuation]]). This contrast is marked overtly in the Gaelic writing system; broad consonants are adjacent to one of the broad orthographic vowels &lt;a, o, u&gt; while slender consonants are always adjacent to either &lt;i&gt; or &lt;e&gt;.<br /> <br /> In Gaelic, velarization is sometimes used as a morphological cue in [[Noun Declension]].<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Broad and Slender]]<br /> **[[Orthography]]<br /> *[[Attenuation (definition)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://www.sltinfo.com/allo101-velarization/<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarization<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonology]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Morphology]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Round_(definition)&diff=5014 2020-11-30T22:28:38Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Round''' references the position of and tension in the lips when sounds are produced. In round sounds, the lips are physically rounded and appear in an 'O' shape. Round vowels in English include [ɔ, o, u, ʊ] and diphthong [oʊ]; the Gaelic vowels produced with a [+round] feature include [u, o, ɔ] and their nazalized and long counterparts (e.g. [u:, ũ, ũ:]).<br /> <br /> Though the term is normally used in reference to vowels, rounding can also be used to describe the secondary articulation of approximant-like consonants. English [ɹ] and [w] are both pronounced with lip rounding. In Gaelic, [[Labial (definition)|labial]] consonants receive extra lip rounding before front vowels, when in their [[Broad (definition)|broad]] form.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Labial (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundedness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. The language library. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Fortis_(definition)&diff=5013 2020-11-30T22:19:17Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Fortis''' is a term commonly used in the Celtic linguistics literature to refer to sounds in a phoneme inventory that are [[Tense in Phonetics (definition)|tense]]. In Gaelic, the fortis/lenis (tense/lax) distinction is part of a four way contrast in sonorants /l, n, r/. ''Tense'' consonants are indicated by capital letters (/L/), and 'slender' consonants are indicated by a following apostrophe (/l'/). See [[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]] for a closer look at this distinction.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Lax (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Fortis-and-lenis<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics Sixth Edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.<br /> *Crystal, David. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. The language library. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1997.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Lax_(definition)&diff=5012 2020-11-30T22:15:08Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Lax''' sounds are produced with minimal tension in the tongue or a more retracted tongue root. They contrast with [[Tense (definition)|tense]] sounds that are also said to be [[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)|[+ATR]]]; such sounds are characterized by the greater tension in the articulators caused by pulling the tongue root forward. English [i] (as in ''beet'') is a tense sound compared to English [ɪ] (as in ''bit'') which is the lax equivalent. <br /> <br /> Gaelic has a tense/lax contrast in its sonorants (l, n, r); the contrast is sometimes referred to a fortis/lenis distinction, where ''fortis'' is to tense as ''lenis'' is to lax.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sonorant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Lax_(definition)&diff=5011 2020-11-30T22:14:25Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Lax''' sounds are produced with minimal tension in the tongue or a more retracted tongue root. They contrast with [[Tense (definition)|tense]] sounds that are also said to be [+ATR]; such sounds are characterized by the greater tension in the articulators caused by pulling the tongue root forward. English [i] (as in ''beet'') is a tense sound compared to English [ɪ] (as in ''bit'') which is the lax equivalent. <br /> <br /> Gaelic has a tense/lax contrast in its sonorants (l, n, r); the contrast is sometimes referred to a fortis/lenis distinction, where ''fortis'' is to tense as ''lenis'' is to lax.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sonorant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tense_in_Phonetics_(definition)&diff=5010 2020-11-30T22:13:23Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''tense''' sound is one that involves a tension in the articulators and is often characterized by a +[ATR] feature. These sounds require greater exertion from the muscles than their lax counterparts. The contrast is exemplified by English vowels /i/ (tense) and /ɪ/ (lax).<br /> <br /> Scottish Gaelic distinguishes between tense and lax sonorants (e.g. /l/ vs /L/). See the discussion in [[Fortis (definition)|fortis]] for a better look at the contrast.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Lax (definition)]]<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sonorant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Vowels_before_rr_ll_nn<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tense_in_Phonetics_(definition)&diff=5009 2020-11-30T22:12:11Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''tense''' sound is one that involves a tension in the articulators and is often characterized by a +[ATR] feature. These sounds require greater exertion from the muscles than their lax counterparts. The contrast is exemplified by English vowels /i/ (tense) and /ɪ/ (lax).<br /> <br /> Scottish Gaelic distinguishes between tense and lax sonorants (e.g. /l/ vs /L/). See the discussion in [[Fortis (definition)|fortis]] for a better look at the contrast.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Lax (definition)]]<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Vowels_before_rr_ll_nn<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Lax_(definition)&diff=5008 2020-11-30T22:08:39Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Lax''' sounds are produced with minimal tension in the tongue or a more retracted tongue root. They contrast with [[Tense (definition)|tense]] sounds that are also said to be [+ATR]; such sounds are characterized by the greater tension in the articulators caused by pulling the tongue root forward. English [i] (as in ''beet'') is a tense sound compared to English [ɪ] (as in ''bit'') which is the lax equivalent. <br /> <br /> Gaelic has a tense/lax contrast in its sonorants (l, n, r); the contrast is sometimes referred to a fortis/lenis distinction, where ''fortis'' is to tense as ''lenis'' is to lax.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Advanced_Tongue_Root_(definition)&diff=5007 2020-11-30T21:50:39Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Advanced tongue root +[ATR]''' is a feature used to describe sounds produced with the tongue root pulled forward. These sounds are also said to be tensed because there is a tension in the tongue and lips involved with pulling the tongue root forward. This action creates a larger pharyngeal cavity that often lowers the larynx and results in a breathy quality. Both [[Vowel (definition)|vowels]] and [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] can be produced with a +[ATR] feature. In English tense vowels include /i, e, o, u/. In Scottish Gaelic, tenseness is a feature commonly found in sonorants like /L, L'/, /N, N'/, and /R, R'/ where the diacritic indicates slenderization (palatalization).<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Lax (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sonorant (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The links below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_and_retracted_tongue_root<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> Ladefoged, Peter (2005) ''A Course in Phonetics''. Thomspson Wadworth Publishers.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Lax_(definition)&diff=5006 2020-11-30T21:45:04Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Lax''' sounds are produced with minimal tension in the tongue or a more retracted tongue root. They contrast with [[Tense (definition)|tense]] sounds that are characterized by the greater tension in the articulators and an advanced tongue root.<br /> <br /> Sounds with Lax articulation are in contrast to [[Tense (definition)|tense]] sounds. Lax sounds are produced with either less tongue tenseness or with less [[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)|advanced tongue root]] than tense sounds. English [i] (beet) is a tense sound, English [ɪ] (bit) is the equivalent. Gaelic also has the tense/lax distinction, but in the [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorant]] sounds -- this is sometimes also called ''lenis''. <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Fortis (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Gaelic]]<br /> *[[Tense (phonetics)]]<br /> *[[Tense in Phonetics (definition)]]<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tense_(phonetics)&diff=5005 2020-11-30T21:36:24Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''tense''' sound is one that involves a tension in the articulators and is often characterized by a +[ATR] feature. These sounds require greater exertion from the muscles than their lax counterparts. The contrast is exemplified by English vowels /i/ (tense) and /ɪ/ (lax).<br /> <br /> Scottish Gaelic distinguishes between tense and lax sonorants.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Lax (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Vowels_before_rr_ll_nn<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Height_(definition)&diff=5004 2020-11-30T21:35:29Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Height''' is a vocalic feature that refers to the vertical position of the tongue body, specifically its distance from the roof of the mouth. There are three levels of height: high, low, and mid. Height references the placement of the articulators necessary in the production of certain sounds; for vowels, this can be difficult. Nevertheless, height is used to distinguish between natural classes of vowel and in tandem with ''frontness'' and ''backness'' describes a wide range of the vocalic continuum.<br /> <br /> In English:<br /> * [i, ɪ, ʊ, u] are high vowels, <br /> * [e, ɛ, ɔ, o, ʌ, ə] are mid vowels,<br /> * [æ, ɑ] are low vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Backness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/articulation/describing-vowels.html<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_height<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Backness_(definition)&diff=5003 2020-11-30T21:30:27Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Backness''' is a binary feature associated with sounds pronounced with the body of the tongue pushed to the back of the mouth, usually with the tongue bunched up near the velum. Backness and its counterpart frontness are used to describe the articulatory movements required of vocalic segments. Although vowels are best described by their acoustic characteristics, binary features are enough to distinguish natural classes of vowels in a variety of languages.<br /> <br /> English segments /u/ (as in''boot''), /ʊ/ (as in ''book''), /o/ (as in''boat''), and /ɑ/ (as in''pasta'') are all back vowels. Backness can also be heard on consonants, notably [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorants]] like [l] whose dark L allophone ([ɫ]) is commonly produced following back vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/articulation/describing-vowels.html<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Frontness_(definition)&diff=5002 2020-11-30T21:30:12Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Frontness''' is a binary feature that describes sounds wherein the tongue body is pushed towards the hard palate. The feature is commonly used to describe vowels and contrasts with ''backness'' to create natural classes of vocalic segments. In English front vowels include /i/ (as in ''beet''), /ɪ/ (as in ''bit''), /e/ (as in ''bait''), /ɛ/ (as in ''bed''), and /æ/ (as in ''bad''). <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Backness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/articulation/describing-vowels.html<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Height_(definition)&diff=5001 2020-11-30T21:29:56Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Height''' is a vocalic feature that refers to the vertical position of the tongue body, specifically its distance from the roof of the mouth. There are three levels of this feature: high, low, and mid. &lt;nowiki&gt;[i, ɪ, ʊ, u]&lt;/nowiki&gt; are the high vowels of English. &lt;nowiki&gt; [e, ɛ, ɔ, o, ʌ, ə]&lt;/nowiki&gt; are the mid vowels of English, and &lt;nowiki&gt;[æ, ɑ]&lt;/nowiki&gt; are the low vowels of American English (other dialects have other low vowels).<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Backness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/articulation/describing-vowels.html<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_height<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tense_(phonetics)&diff=5000 2020-11-30T21:26:37Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''tense''' sound is one that involves a tension in the articulators and is often characterized by a +[ATR] feature. These sounds require greater exertion from the muscles than their lax counterparts. The contrast is exemplified by English vowels /i/ (tense) and /ɪ/ (lax).<br /> <br /> Scottish Gaelic distinguishes between tense and lax sonorants.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Vowels_before_rr_ll_nn<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenseness<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tense_(phonetics)&diff=4999 2020-11-30T21:25:41Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''tense''' sound is one that involves a tension in the articulators and is often characterized by a +[ATR] feature. These sounds require greater exertion from the muscles than their lax counterparts. The contrast is exemplified by English vowels /i/ (tense) and /ɪ/ (lax).<br /> <br /> Scottish Gaelic distinguishes between tense and lax sonorants.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Advanced Tongue Root (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Frontness_(definition)&diff=4998 2020-11-30T21:13:57Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Frontness''' is a binary feature that describes sounds wherein the tongue body is pushed towards the hard palate. The feature is commonly used to describe vowels and contrasts with ''backness'' to create natural classes of vocalic segments. In English front vowels include /i/ (as in ''beet''), /ɪ/ (as in ''bit''), /e/ (as in ''bait''), /ɛ/ (as in ''bed''), and /æ/ (as in ''bad''). <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Backness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Backness_(definition)&diff=4997 2020-11-30T21:06:23Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Backness''' is a binary feature associated with sounds pronounced with the body of the tongue pushed to the back of the mouth, usually with the tongue bunched up near the velum. Backness and its counterpart frontness are used to describe the articulatory movements required of vocalic segments. Although vowels are best described by their acoustic characteristics, binary features are enough to distinguish natural classes of vowels in a variety of languages.<br /> <br /> English segments /u/ (as in''boot''), /ʊ/ (as in ''book''), /o/ (as in''boat''), and /ɑ/ (as in''pasta'') are all back vowels. Backness can also be heard on consonants, notably [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorants]] like [l] whose dark L allophone ([ɫ]) is commonly produced following back vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Backness_(definition)&diff=4996 2020-11-30T21:05:41Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Backness''' is a binary feature associated with sounds pronounced with the body of the tongue pushed to the back of the mouth, usually with the tongue bunched up near the velum. Backness and its counterpart frontness are used to describe the articulatory movements required of vocalic segments. Although vowels are best described by their acoustic characteristics, binary features are enough to distinguish natural classes of vowels in a variety of languages.<br /> <br /> English segments /u/ (as in''boot''), /ʊ/ (as in ''book''), /o/ (as in''boat''), and /ɑ/ (as in''pasta'') are all back vowels. Backness can also be heard on consonants, notably [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorants]] like [l] whose dark L allophone ([ɫ]) is commonly produced following back vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Backness_(definition)&diff=4995 2020-11-30T21:04:32Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Backness''' is a binary feature associated with sounds pronounced with the body of the tongue pushed to the back of the mouth, usually with the tongue bunched up near the velum. Backness and its counterpart frontness are used to describe the articulatory movements required of vocalic segments. Although vowels are best described by their acoustic characteristics, binary features are enough to distinguish natural classes of vowels in a variety of languages.<br /> <br /> English segments /u/ (as in''boot''), /ʊ/ (as in ''book''), /o/ (as in''boat''), and /ɑ/ (as in''pasta'') are all back vowels. Backness can also be heard on consonants, notably [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorants]] like [l] whose dark L allophone ([ɫ]) is commonly produced following back vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics/Vowels/Phonetics4c.html<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Frontness_(definition)&diff=4994 2020-11-30T21:04:17Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Frontness''' is a binary feature describes where in the mouth a sound is articulated. Front Vowels are produced with the tongue body towards the front of the mouth. In English front vowels include &lt;nowiki&gt;[i,e,ɛ,æ,a]&lt;/nowiki&gt;. <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Vowel (definition)]]<br /> *[[Backness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Backness_(definition)&diff=4993 2020-11-30T21:03:37Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Backness''' is a binary feature associated with sounds pronounced with the body of the tongue pushed to the back of the mouth, usually with the tongue bunched up near the velum. Backness and its counterpart frontness are used to describe the articulatory movements required of vocalic segments. Although vowels are best described by their acoustic characteristics, binary features are enough to distinguish natural classes of vowels in a variety of languages.<br /> <br /> English segments /u/ (as in''boot''), /ʊ/ (as in ''book''), /o/ (as in''boat''), and /ɑ/ (as in''pasta'') are all back vowels. Backness can also be heard on consonants, notably [[Sonorant (definition)|sonorants]] like [l] whose dark L allophone ([ɫ]) is commonly produced following back vowels.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Frontness (definition)]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics/Vowels/Phonetics4c.html<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, D. (2008) ''Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Retroflex_(definition)&diff=4992 2020-11-11T00:12:27Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Retroflex''' sounds are produced by the curling the tip of the tongue backwards just behind the alveolar ridge. Many speakers of English produce the r sound [ɹ] as a retroflex consonant: [ɻ]. In this case, it is an example of free variation and does not alter the meaning of the word in which it appears. Like English, retroflexivity is not phonemic and Gaelic, but the rhotic is often produced as retroflex in initial position or where marked in the orthography as &lt;rr&gt;.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Rhotic (definition)]]<br /> *[[Alveolar (definition)]]<br /> *[[Manner of Articulation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=rt_%26_rd<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=l_n_r<br /> <br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Retroflex_(definition)&diff=4991 2020-11-11T00:12:13Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Retroflex''' sounds are produced by the curling the tip of the tongue backwards just behind the alveolar ridge. Many speakers of English produce the r sound [ɹ] as a retroflex consonant: [ɻ]. In this case, it is an example of free variation and does not alter the meaning of the word in which it appears. Like English, retroflexivity is not phonemic and Gaelic, the rhotic is often produced as retroflex in initial position or where marked in the orthography as &lt;rr&gt;.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Rhotic (definition)]]<br /> *[[Alveolar (definition)]]<br /> *[[Manner of Articulation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=rt_%26_rd<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=l_n_r<br /> <br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Retroflex_(definition)&diff=4990 2020-11-11T00:10:52Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Retroflex''' sounds are produced by the curling the tip of the tongue backwards just behind the alveolar ridge. Many speakers of English produce the r sound [ɹ] as a retroflex consonant: [ɻ]. In this case, it is an example of free variation and does not alter the meaning of the word in which it appears. Like English, retroflexivity is not phonemic and Gaelic, however &lt;rr&gt; is often produced as retroflex.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Rhotic (definition)]]<br /> *[[Alveolar (definition)]]<br /> *[[Manner of Articulation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=rt_%26_rd<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=l_n_r<br /> <br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Retroflex_(definition)&diff=4989 2020-11-11T00:10:16Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Retroflex''' sounds are produced by the curling the tip of the tongue backwards just behind the alveolar ridge. Many speakers of English produce the r sound [ɹ] as a retroflex consonant: [ɻ]. In this case, it is an example of free variation and does not alter the meaning of the word in which it appears. Like English, retroflexivity is not phonemic and Gaelic, however &lt;rr&gt; is often produced as retroflex.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Rhotic (definition)]]<br /> *[[Alveolar (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=rt_%26_rd<br /> *http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=l_n_r<br /> <br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Places of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Trill_(definition)&diff=4988 2020-11-10T19:40:11Z

<p>Kmccullough: </p> <hr /> <div>A '''trill''' is a sound characterized by the rapid beating of one articulator against another. Although English has no examples, one is readily available in Spanish. The ''rolled r'' is in fact an alveolar trill, wherein the tension in the tongue is just right that when air passes over it, it triggers the bernoulli effect and the tongue begins to vibrate. The same alveolar trill [r] is found in Scottish Gaelic.<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> *[[Alveolar (definition)]]<br /> *[[Manner of Articulation (definition)]]<br /> *[[Sounds of Scottish Gaelic]]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> The link below takes you away from the Gaelic Wiki to Wikipedia. Since wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, they often contain inaccurate information. So be careful!<br /> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trill_consonant<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.<br /> *Ladefoged, D. (2010) ''A Course in Phonetics''. 6th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Technical Definitions]]<br /> [[Category: Phonetics]]<br /> [[Category: Manners of Articulation]]</div>

Kmccullough