Scottish Gaelic Grammar Wiki - User contributions [en]

Sentence (definition)

2009-12-08T00:08:03Z

SylviaIslas:

A sentence is the largest structural unit in terms of grammatical organization. There are many ways to classify sentences such as, using formal terms (declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamative), using functional terms (statement, question, command), and simple, complex, or compound (terms of the number and kind of subjects).

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sentences
*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Sentence_(linguistics)

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Sentence (definition)

2009-12-08T00:06:11Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

FIX FIX FIX

A sentence is the largest structural unit in terms of grammatical organization. There are many ways to classify sentences: using formal terms (declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamative), using functional terms (statement, question, command), and simple vs. complex and compound (terms of the number and kind of subjects).

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sentences
*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Sentence_(linguistics)

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Retroflex (definition)

2009-12-03T01:40:57Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Retroflex is used to refer to the place of articulation of certain sounds. Sounds classified under this term are produced by the rounding of the tongue to the just behind the [[Alveolar (definition)|alveolar ridge]]. Some speakers of English produce [ɹ] as a retroflex consonant.

==See Also==
*[[Liquid (definition)]]
*[[Sonorant (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex
*http://en.allexperts.com/e/r/re/retroflex_consonant.htm
*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Retroflex_consonant

==References==
Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]
[[Category: Manners of Articulation]]

Relative Future (definition)

2009-12-03T01:11:21Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsRelativeFutureTense.htm
*http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/relative_future_tense

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Tense]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Relative Clause (definition)

2009-12-03T00:47:45Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A relative clause is a [[Clause (definition)|clause]] that modifies a noun. For example, the bold phased strings in the following sentences are clauses that modify the italicized noun. They are often introduced with a [[Wh-word (definition)|wh-word]] or a [[Complementizer (definition)|complementizer]], although these can be omitted.

*the ''man'' '''who I saw last week'''
*the ''book'' '''that I left on the table'''

==See Also==
*[[Clause (definition)]]
*[[Noun Phrases]]
*[[Relative Clauses]]
*[[Wh-constructions]]
*[[Indirect (definition)]]
*[[Direct (definition)]]
*[[Relative Future (definition)]]

==External Links==
*Wikipedia article on relative clause: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause
*http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/eap/2004/u6/relativeclauses.htm
*http://www.uhv.edu/ac/grammar/pdf/relativeclauses.pdf

==References==
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Recent Perfect Aspect (definition)

2009-12-02T22:56:21Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/relative_future_tense

http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/FILES/faculties/arts/1997/l.m.j.zonhoven/c5.pdf

http://www2.gsu.edu/~eslhpb/grammar/lecture_8/perfect.html

==References==
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Aspect]]
[[Category: Semantics]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Prospective Aspect (definition)

2009-12-02T21:33:15Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

The prospective aspect indicates that an event is about to occur shortly.

==See Also==
[[Aspect (definition)]]

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect

==References==
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Aspect]]
[[Category: Semantics]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Present Participle (definition)

2009-12-02T03:16:13Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/present-participle.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_participle

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/free/news/0gpresentparticiples.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Preposition (definition)

2009-12-02T02:59:41Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

''A discussion of prepositions of Scottish Gaelic can be found at [[Prepositions]]''

==General Definition==
Prepositions are grammatical particles that typically indicate a [[Grammatical Function (definition)|grammatical function]], typically marking some relation between the noun that follows and the rest of the sentence. Prepositions can indicate among other things, direction, location, time, possession, sources, goals, benefactors, experiencers, instrumentation, comparison, manner, purpose, agency and others. Prepositions can also be present as a default [[case]] marking, such as the English preposition "of". Prepositions can be simple single particles like "to", but they can also be complex phrases like "on top of", "in spite of", "next to". English Prepositions include among others 'to', 'from', 'at', 'with', 'out', 'in', 'for', 'of', 'by', 'under', 'over', 'through', 'behind', 'before', 'with respect to', 'except for', 'by dint of', 'next to', 'on top of',

==See Also==

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/preposit.html

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/prepositions-list.htm

==References==
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Parts of Speech]]

Prefix (definition)

2009-12-02T02:57:27Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A prefix is an [[Affix (definition)|affix]] placed at the beginning of a word. The English ''re-'' as in ''reword'' or ''de-'' as in ''destabilize'' are prefixes.

==See Also==
*[[Suffix (definition)]]
*[[Affix (definition)]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/prefix.htm

==References==
Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Morphology]]

Prefix (definition)

2009-12-02T02:57:00Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A prefix is an [[Affix (definition)|affix]] placed at the beginning of a word. The English ''re-'' as in ''reword'' or ''de-'' as in ''destabilize'' are prefixes.

==See Also==
*[[Suffix (definition)]]
*[[Affix (definition)]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/prefix.htm

==References==
Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Morphology]]

Predicate (definition)

2009-12-02T02:52:59Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar)

*http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/predterm.htm

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Postaspiration (definition)

2009-12-02T02:39:58Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://www.unice.fr/dsl/ocp7/abstracts/Casserly,%20Elizabeth.pdf

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Phonetics]]

Postalveolar (definition)

2009-12-02T02:24:23Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A sound pronounced with the tongue behind the Alveolar ridge in the mouth.
*In English [ʃ], [ʒ], [dʒ], [tʃ]
*In Gaelic [ʃ], [tʲ], [dʲ]

==See Also==
*[[Alveolar (definition)]]
*[[Palatal (definition)]]

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant

*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Postalveolar_consonant

*http://en.allexperts.com/e/p/po/postalveolar_consonant.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]
[[Category: Places of Articulation]]

Phrase (definition)

2009-12-02T01:36:57Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A phrase is a group of words that functions as a unit in the context of a sentence. Usually each phrase has a central word called the [[Head (definition)|head]], and a series of modifiers.

==See Also==
*[[Noun Phrase (definition)]]
*[[Verb Phrase (definition)]]
*[[Adjective Phrase (definition)]]
*[[Prepositional Phrase (definitions)]]
*[[Adverb Phrase (definitions)]]

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhrase.htm

*http://www.mywire.com/a/Intl-Enc-Linguistics/Phrase-Structure/9460992/

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
*Carnie, Andrew (2006) ''Syntax: A Generative Introduction''. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]

Phonology (definition)

2009-12-02T01:05:46Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Phonology is the study of the patterning of sounds in language

==See Also==

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology
*http://www.ling.udel.edu/idsardi/101/notes/phonology.html
*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm

==References==
[[Category:Phonology]]
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Phonetics (definition)

2009-12-02T01:04:14Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. It is usually separated into three subfields of study:

*[[Articulatory Phonetics (definition)|articulatory phonetics]], which studies what is involved with making the mouth create the sounds of language.
*[[Acoustic Phonetics (definition)|acoustic phonetics]], which studies the physical properties of the stream of air of speech sounds.
*[[Auditory Phonetics (definition)|auditory phonetics]], which studies the way in which the human ear processes speech sounds.

==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics

*http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics.html

*http://www.unc.edu/~jlsmith/pht-url.html#(0)

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]

Phoneme (definition)

2009-11-29T21:00:17Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==
*[[Allophone (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme
*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhoneme.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David (1997). ''Dictionary of linguistics and Phonetics.'' Malden: Blackwell

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]

Periphrastic (definition)

2009-11-29T20:32:39Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphrasis entry in Wikipedia]

*http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/periphrasticterm.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
*Whaley, Lindsay (1997)''Introduction to Typology: The Unity and Diversity of Language''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphrasis entry in Wikipedia]

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Noun Phrase (definition)

2009-11-29T18:50:24Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==
==External Links==

http://languagestudy.suite101.com/article.cfm/english_nouns_and_noun_phrases

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase

http://www.criticalreading.com/noun_phrase.htm

==References==

[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Noun (definition)

2009-11-29T18:29:52Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Traditionally a noun is seen as a person, place, or thing. Linguistics wise any word that can function as a subject or an object of a clause. Also, be analyzed by number, gender, case, countability.

==See Also==
*[[Plural Formation]]
*[[Declension (definition)]]
*[[Case (definition)]]
*[[Pronoun (definition)]]

==External Links==

*http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nouns

*http://www.towson.edu/ows/nouns.htm

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANoun.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]

Noun (definition)

2009-11-29T18:18:34Z

SylviaIslas:

Traditionally a noun is seen as a person, place, or thing. Linguistics wise any word that can function as a subject or an object of a clause. Also, be analyzed by number, gender, case, countability.

==See Also==
*[[Plural Formation]]
*[[Declension (definition)]]
*[[Case (definition)]]
*[[Pronoun (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nouns

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]

Non-Finite (definition)

2009-11-29T18:09:40Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A non-finite clause is a clause where the verb/auxiliary does not contain the tense information of the event/action/state it describes. For example, in an English sentence ''She wants [to go to school]'', the embedded clause in the brackets is non-finite in that the tense of the action described by the verb ''go'' is not expressed.

The subject of a non-finite clause can be omitted as in ''She wants [PRO to go to school]''; When it appears as a personal pronoun, it must inflect for accusative Case as in ''She wants [him to go to school]'', as opposed to ''*She wants [he to go to school]''.

==See Also==
*[[Clause (definition)]]
*[[Finite (definition)]]

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-finite_verb

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANonfiniteVerb.htm

*http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/nonfiniterm.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]

Monophthong (definition)

2009-11-29T16:47:23Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

A monophthong is a vowel with no discernable shift in the vowel space within a syllable. This contrasts with diphthongs, which are combinations of two vowels in a single syllable.

==See Also==
*[[Diphthong (definition)]]
*[[Vowel (definition)]]

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophthong

*http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Monophthong.htm

*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Monophthong

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. The language library. Oxford, UK: Blackwell..

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]

Masculine (definition)

2009-11-29T15:32:38Z

SylviaIslas:

'''Masculine''' is one of two grammatical [[Gender (definition)|genders]], a type of classification of nouns in Scottish Gaelic. In Gaelic gender determines the form of [[Adjective (definition)|adjectives]], [[Pronoun (definition)|pronouns]] and [[Article (definition)|articles]]. Grammatical gender need not correspond to actual gender. Assignment to a Gender classes is largely arbitrary. Even nouns that describe objects that lack an obvious sex or gender get a grammatical gender.

==Related Notions==
*[[Feminine (definition)]]
*[[Articles]]
*[[Adjective Inflection]]
*[[Case (definition)]]
*[[Declension (definition)]]

==External Links==
The following links on this page go to wikipedia.org. Although more complete, wikipedia.org articles should be used with care as anyone can edit them, and are subject to vandalism and inaccuracies.

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Linguistics (definition)

2009-11-29T14:43:30Z

SylviaIslas:

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The field of linguistics can be mostly separated into several different "core" fields: [[Syntax (definition)|syntax]], [[Semantics (definition)|semantics]], [[Morphology (definition)|morphology]], and [[Phonology (definition)|phonology]] and [[Phonetics (definition)|phonetics]] and several "interface" fields such as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, language acquisition, graphemics and others.

==See Also==

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics

*http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/linguisticsterm.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart) (definition)

2009-11-29T14:40:11Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Lexical Aspect
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Semantics]]
[[Category:Aspect]]
==Definition==
Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart) indicates the relation to time of a verb, where the duration or abstracted lack of duration of an action referred to by the verb is categorically indicated.
==External Links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect Lexical Aspect in Wikipedia]

http://balshanut.wordpress.com/2007/09/26/whats-the-difference-between-aspect-and-aktionsart/

http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/lexical_aspect.html

==See Also==
[[Aspect (definition)]]
==References==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect Lexical Aspect in Wikipedia] 
[http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/lexical_aspect.html http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/lexical_aspect.html] 
[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node6.html http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node6.html]

Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart) (definition)

2009-11-29T14:35:59Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

Lexical Aspect
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Semantics]]
[[Category:Aspect]]
==Definition==
Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart) indicates the relation to time of a verb, where the duration or abstracted lack of duration of an action referred to by the verb is categorically indicated.
==External Links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect Lexical Aspect in Wikipedia]

http://balshanut.wordpress.com/2007/09/26/whats-the-difference-between-aspect-and-aktionsart/

==See Also==
[[Aspect (definition)]]
==References==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect Lexical Aspect in Wikipedia] 
[http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/lexical_aspect.html http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/lexical_aspect.html] 
[http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node6.html http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/rep2/node6.html]

Lenition (definition)

2009-11-28T23:19:47Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition

http://www.mediaevalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Intensifiers (definition)

2009-11-28T22:39:59Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

'''Intensifiers''' are [[Closed Class (definition)|closed class]] [[Adverbs (definition)|adverbs]] that modify adjectives. In English, intensifiers include "really", "slightly", "too" and "very" and possible "not at all", as in ''really big'', ''too big'', ''slightly big'', and ''very big''.

Intensifiers in Gaelic include ''roL'' (''too'') and ''glèL'' (''very''). (The L here indicates that the word triggers [[Lenition]] on the following word.) So, given the adjective ''mòr'' (big), if we want to say ''very big'', we say ''glè mhòr'', ''too big'' is ''ro mhòr''.

==See Also==
*[[Quantifier (definition)]]
*[[Quantifiers]]

==External Links==
*http://spanish.about.com/cs/grammar/g/intensifiergl.htm

*http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch24.html

==References==
Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: Level 1''. Each-Mara publications.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]
[[Category: Functional Categories]]

Instrument (definition)

2009-11-28T22:15:53Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://depts.washington.edu/lingweb/events/wccfl25/abstracts/Alexiadouetal.html

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsInstrumentAsASemanticRol.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Grammatical Function (definition)

2009-11-28T17:29:25Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/synlex/node42.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_function

http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/hollmann/203_week4.pdf

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Goal (definition)

2009-11-28T17:23:05Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#goal_source_path

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Future Tense (definition)

2009-11-28T08:37:16Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

FIX FIX FIX

This tense is used to refer to relate something in the future to the present time that the speaker is in. This can be expressed many ways: adverbially, modal verbs, and inflectionally.

==See Also==
*[[Past Tense (definition)]]
*[[Present Tense (definition)]]
*[[Tense (definition)]]

==External Links==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Tense

http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/FutureTense

==References==
*Crystal, David. (1997) ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.'' Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Tense]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Semantics]]

Experiencer (definition)

2009-11-28T08:21:49Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

==See Also==

==External Links==

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsExperiencerAsASemanticRo.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]

Exclamation (definition)

2009-11-28T08:15:52Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

FIX FIX FIX

English examples include ''Wow!'' and ''What a shame!''.
marked by strong intonation and punctuation (eg. Exclamation point).

==See Also==

==External Links==
http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Exclamations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_mark

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnExclamation.htm

==References==
*Crystal, David (1999) The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin.
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]

Embedded Clause (definition)

2009-11-28T07:58:51Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]

An '''embedded clause''' (also sometimes referred to as a 'subordinate clause' or 'dependent clause', although these are not entirely synonymous) is present in a complex sentence, where there are multiple [[Clause (definition)|clauses]]. Embedded clauses are clauses inside of other clauses. For example in the following sentence, the bolded string is the embedded clause "I think '''that Mary likes peanuts'''". In Gaelic embedded clauses must be preceded by a [[Complementizer (definition)|complementizer]] such as ''gu'', ''nach'' or ''aL''

==See Also==
*[[Clause (definition)]]
*[[Conjunction (definition)]]

==External Links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause Wikipedia entry on clause]

* http://www.unive.it/media/allegato/download/Lingue/Materiale_didattico_Poletto/0607_lingua_inglese_3/Embedded_clauses.pdf

==References==
*[http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASubordinateClause.htm SIL entry on subordinate clause] 
*[http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClause.htm SIL entry on clause]

Double Object Construction (definition)

2009-11-28T07:17:21Z

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== Definition ==
A linguistic construction, such as a sentence, can have two objects instead of one object; this is identified as a ''double object construction''.

== Note ==
Gaelic does not have double object constructions.

== See Also ==
[http://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php/Argument_%28definition%29 Argument (definition)]

== External Links ==
[http://www.glottopedia.de/index.php/Double_object_construction DOC at Glottopedia]

http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/events/tributes/hale/papers/Ch.2_Double_Obj_Construc.2.pdf

http://www.lfg09.net/abstracts/lfg09abs_lam.pdf

== References ==
[http://www.glottopedia.de/index.php/Double_object_construction DOC at Glottopedia]
 
Carnie, Andrew (2007). Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]

Direct Object (definition)

2009-11-26T18:12:47Z

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the object in a sentence that is directly involved in the process or action in the sentence.

==See Also==
*[[Grammatical Relation (definition)]]
*[[Subject (definition)]]
*[[Indirect Object (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Object#Types_of_object
*http://www1.fccj.edu/lchandouts/communicationshandouts/.../PS-4.doc

==References==

*Carnie, Andrew (2006) Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Malden, Wiley Blackwell.

*Matthews, P. H. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Grammatical Relations]]

Direct Object (definition)

2009-11-26T18:11:58Z

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the object in a sentence that is directly involved in the process or action in the sentence.

==See Also==
*[[Grammatical Relation (definition)]]
*[[Subject (definition)]]
*[[Indirect Object (definition)]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Object#Types_of_object
*www1.fccj.edu/lchandouts/communicationshandouts/.../PS-4.doc

==References==

*Carnie, Andrew (2006) Syntax: A Generative Introduction. Malden, Wiley Blackwell.

*Matthews, P. H. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Grammatical Relations]]

Dative Case (definition)

2009-11-26T16:37:14Z

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Dative case refers to the form a noun takes when it is governed by certain prepositions (the majority of prepositions in Gaelic in fact).

==See Also==
*[[Case (definition)]]
*[[Nominative Case (definition)]]
*[[Accusative Case (definition)]]
*[[Genitive Case (definition)]]
*[[Prepositions]]

==External Links==
Note: Wikipedia can be edited by anyone and often pages are vandalized or uninformed, So be careful with any links posted below!
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case

*http://www.dailywritingtips.com/what-is-dative-case/

*http://wapedia.mobi/en/Dative_case

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Morphology]]
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Case]]

Copula (definition)

2009-11-26T16:01:47Z

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*Main article [[Copula]]

==Definition==
A copula is a functional word used to connect the subject to a predicate. In Gaelic it is typically used with [[Noun (definition)|nominal]] predicates like "I am the man" and in [[Clefts|cleft]] constructions. In English, the copula is typically the verb ''be'' and its variants (is, am, are, was, were, etc). In Gaelic, there are two verbs that translate as ''be''. One is [[Bi (irregular verb)]] and the other is the [[Copula|copula]]

==Examples==

*Cò thusa
*Is mise Mòrag
*An tusa Ealasaid
*Cha mhise Ealasaid
*Chan ise Peigi
Gaelic examples taken from Fisher (2004)

==See Also==
*[[Bi (irregular verb)]]
*[[Clefts]]
*[[Cleft (definition)]]
*[[Equative (definition)]]
*[[Identification (definition)]]

==External Links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29 Copula from Wikipedia]

http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACopula.htm

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Copula_(linguistics)

==References==
Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: Level 1''. Each-Mara Publications 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29 Copula from Wikipedia]

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Copula (definition)

2009-11-26T16:01:05Z

SylviaIslas: /* External Links */

*Main article [[Copula]]

==Definition==
A copula is a functional word used to connect the subject to a predicate. In Gaelic it is typically used with [[Noun (definition)|nominal]] predicates like "I am the man" and in [[Clefts|cleft]] constructions. In English, the copula is typically the verb ''be'' and its variants (is, am, are, was, were, etc). In Gaelic, there are two verbs that translate as ''be''. One is [[Bi (irregular verb)]] and the other is the [[Copula|copula]]

==Examples==

*Cò thusa
*Is mise Mòrag
*An tusa Ealasaid
*Cha mhise Ealasaid
*Chan ise Peigi
Gaelic examples taken from Fisher (2004)

==See Also==
*[[Bi (irregular verb)]]
*[[Clefts]]
*[[Cleft (definition)]]
*[[Equative (definition)]]
*[[Identification (definition)]]

==External Links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29 Copula from Wikipedia]

[http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACopula.htm]

[http://wapedia.mobi/en/Copula_(linguistics)]

==References==
Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: Level 1''. Each-Mara Publications 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29 Copula from Wikipedia]

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Morphology]]

Conditional Mood (definition)

2009-11-26T15:55:56Z

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Conditional mood indicates a contingent situation. In English, conditionals are often indicated with ''if''.

==See Also==
*[[Mood (definition)]]
*[[Modal (definition)]]

==External Links==
Note: Wikipedia can be edited by anyone and often pages are vandalized or uninformed, So be careful with any links posted below!
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood

*http://www.viswiki.com/en/Conditional_mood

==References==
*Matthews, P. H. (1997) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Mood]]

Clause (definition)

2009-11-26T15:41:29Z

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'Clause' can be defined as a group of words containing at least one subject and one verb. One clause can simply be a sentence or one or more clauses are combined to form a sentence. For example, ''I went to school.'' is a clause: ''I'' is a subject and ''went'' is a verb. The clause is a sentence as well. In a sentence such as ''I know that he went to school.'' there are two clauses: one is ''I know that he went to school'' and the other is ''that he went to school''. The former and the latter have ''I''/''know'' and ''he''/''went'' as their subject/verb, respectively. The former clause (i.e.,''I know that he went to school'') is called a main clause; on the contrary, the latter (i.e., ''that he went to school'') is called an [[Embedded Clause (definition)|embedded clause]].

==See Also==
*[[Embedded Clause (definition)|embedded clause]]

==External Links==
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClause.htm

==References==

[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
[[Category:Syntax]]

Case (definition)

2009-11-26T15:21:44Z

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==Definition==
'Case' indicates the function of [[Noun Phrase (definition)|Noun Phrases]] in a sentence. In English only pronouns are marked for case.
*A pronoun functioning as the [[Subject (definition)|subject]] of a sentence is said to be in the [[Nominative Case (definition)|Nominative Case]] (eg. I, he, she, we, they).
*A pronoun functioning as the [[Object (definition)|object]] of a sentence is said to be in the [[Accusative Case (definition)|Accusative Case]] (e.g. me, him, her, us, them).
*A pronoun functioning as a possessor is typically in the [[Genitive Case (definition)|Genitive Case), (e.g. my, your, his, her, our, their).
*English doesn't have a dative case, but instead marks indirect object and related notions with prepositions.

Gaelic makes no distinction between Nominative and Accusative case and instead combines them into a [[Common Case (definition)|common case]] (also sometimes called '''Direct Case'''). It does however, distinguish a genitive case and dative case. These are most readily visible in the determiner (article) system of the language.

==See Also==
*[[Accusative Case (definition)|Accusative Case]]
*[[Common Case (definition)|Common Case]]
*[[Dative Case (definition)|Dative Case]]
*[[Genitive Case (definition)|Genitive Case]]
*[[Nominative Case (definition)|Nominative Case]]
*[[Articles]]

==External Links==
Note: Wikipedia can be edited by anyone and often pages are vandalized or uninformed, so be careful with any links posted below!
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsCase.htm

==References==
[http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsCase.htm SIL entry on Case] 
"The Linguistics Encyclopedia" by Kirsten Malmkjær (2002), pgs. 251-256

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Syntax]]
[[Category: Case]]

Backness (definition)

2009-11-26T13:51:23Z

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==See Also==
[[Frontness (definition)]]

==External Links==

http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics/Vowels/Phonetics4c.html

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Places of Articulation]]
[[Category: Phonetics]]

Auxiliary (definition)

2009-11-26T12:50:38Z

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An '''auxiliary verb''' is a verb used in addition to the lexical verb to describe [[Mood (definition)|mood]], [[Aspect (definition)|aspect]] and [[Voice (definition)|voice]]. Examples of auxiliary verbs in English include ''do'', ''be'' and ''has'' (e.g. ''he ''has'' gone'').
==See Also==
==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb

*http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm

==References==
*Crystal,David. 2008. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics Sixth Edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Parts of Speech]]
[[Category: Functional Categories]]

Assimilation (definition)

2009-11-26T06:08:35Z

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Assimilation is a phonological process in which a sound in pronounced in a way that makes it more similar to some other sound in its environment. For example, the [[Alveolar (definition)|alveolar]] consonant [n] in the middle of the English word 'bonbon' might be pronounced as a [[Bilabial (definition)|bilabial]] consonant [m], because that makes it more similar to its neighbor [b], which is also bilabial.

==See Also==

*''Assimilation is a very common phonological process. See also the page about [[Regular_Phonological_processes |regular phonological processes]] to learn more about assimilation in Gaelic.''

==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)

*http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/assimilation-linguistics-/

==References==

[[Category: Technical Definitions]]
[[Category: Phonology]]

Aspiration (definition)

2009-11-26T06:02:08Z

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[[Category:Phonetics]]
[[Category:Phonology]]
[[Category:Technical Definitions]]
*''For a definition of the [[Consonant Mutation (definition)|consonant mutation]] which is sometimes called 'aspiration' in Gaelic, see [[Lenition]]''

Aspiration is a puff of air that accompanies the production of some [[Consonant (definition)|consonant]] sounds. This puff can be felt by holding your hand (or a tissue) just in front of your lips as you produce the sound.
==See Also==
==External Links==

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)

*http://camba.ucsd.edu/blog/phonoloblog/2005/11/17/saspirated-stop/

==References==