View source for Faigh (irregular verb)

The irregular verb ''Faigh'' means "to get". ''Faigh'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic. 
FIX FIX FIX It uses an irregular [[Suppletion (definition)|suppletive]] form in the simple [[Past tense (definition)|past]] and the [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] past. These forms (along with the active [[Relative future tense (definition)|relative future]]), and active [[Conditional mood (definition)|conditional]] irregularly require that when using a [[Person (definition)|2nd person]] [[Singular (definition)|singular]] (you), that the pronoun surfaces as ''tu'' instead of ''thu''. FIX FIX FIX


==Summary  of forms==

*Independent forms of the verb ''Faigh'' are used without any particles.
*Dependent forms of the verb ''faigh'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'' and other verbal particles.

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" 
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!After Chan||Dependent
|-align=center
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past
|colspan="2"|fhuair
|d'fhuair 
|-align=center
!Future
|gheibh
|fhaigh
|fhaigh
|-align=center
!Relative Future
|colspan="2"|---||gheibh
|-align=center
!rowspan="3"|impersonal!!past
|colspan="2"| 
|fhuaras/fhuaradh
|-align=center
!future
|X
|X
|rowspan="2"|X
|-align=center
!relative future
|colspan="2"|---
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
|colspan="2"| (X<sup>Gheibhinn</sup> in 1st singular)
|cluinneadh  (X<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|impersonal
|colspan="2"|X  
|X
|-align=center
!rowspan="5"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|1st person!!singular
|X<sup>2</sup>||colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
|-align=center
!plural
|X<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
|X<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!plural
|X<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|3rd person
|X
|-align=center
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
|X
|}
Notes:
*<sup>1</sup> with the past tense, relative future and impersonal forms of this verb, the pronoun ''tu'' is used instead of ''thu''
*<sup>2</sup> these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])

==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
===[[Active voice (definition)|Active Voice]]===
====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question!!embedded
|-
! 1
|Fhuair mi ||an d'fhuair mi ||cha d'fhuair mi||nach d'fhuair mi||gun d'fhuair mi
|-
!2
|Fhuair thu ||an d'fhuair tu ||cha d'fhuair tu||nach d'fhuair tu||gun d'fhuair tu
|-
!3 masc
|Fhuair e||an d'fhuair e||cha d'fhuair e||nach d'fhuair e||gun d'fhuair e
|-
!3 fem
|Fhuair i||an d'fhuair i||cha d'fhuair i||nach d'fhuair i||gun d'fhuair i
|-
! 1 pl
|Fhuair sinn ||an d'fhuair sinn ||cha d'fhuair sinn||nach d'fhuair sinn||gun d'fhuair sinn
|-
!2 pl
|Fhuair sibh ||an d'fhuair sibh ||cha d'fhuair sibh||nach d'fhuair sibh||gun d'fhuair sibh
|-
!3 pl
|Fhuair iad||an d'fhuair iad||cha d'fhuair iad||nach d'fhuair iad||gun d'fhuair iAd
|}

====Present tense====

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning  ("I get something") or a progressive meaning (I am getting something is intended,  the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

:{|
|Tha||mi||a' ||faighinn
|-
|be.pres||1s||prog||get.vn
|-
|I'm getting/I get
|}


====Future tense====

The [[Future tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[habitual]].

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
|-
! 1
|X mi ||an X mi ||cha X mi||nach X mi||a X mi 
|-
!2
|X thu ||an X thu ||cha X thu||nach X thu||a X tu<sup>2</sup>
|-
!3 masc
|X e||an X e||cha X e||nach X e||a X e
|-
!3 fem
|X i||an X i||cha X i||nach cluinn i ||a X i
|-
! 1 pl
|C sinn ||an X sinn ||cha X sinn||nach X sinn||a X sinn
|-
!2 pl
|X sibh ||an X sibh ||cha X sibh||nach X sibh||a X sibh
|-
!3 pl
|X iad||an X iad||cha X iad||nach X iad||a X iad
|}

Note:
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.
# Note that in the relative future the pronoun ''tu'' is used in lieu of ''thu''.


----

===Impersonal/Passive Voice===
FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic]] construction using the verbs ''Rach'' or ''Tha'' + the passive marker ''air''. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. ''Chualas''  can be best translated as "someone heard". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "Chualas" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "chualas mi" means "Someone heard me".  This is often translated as "I was heard", hence the typical "passive" label. 

Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling [[Modern Irish]]), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was heard, not the hearer).

====Past tense====

FIX FIX FIX -- DON"T USE THESE FORMS THEY ARE FOR THE WRONG VERB THIS TABLE IS JSUT HERE AS A PLACE HOLDER 

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
|chualas mi ||an cualas mi ||cha chualas mi||nach cualas mi
|-
!2
|chualas tu<sup>1</sup> ||an cualas tu ||cha chualas tu||nach cualas tu
|-
!3 masc
|chualas e||an cualas e||cha chualas e||nach cualas e
|-
!3 fem
|chualas i||an cualas i||cha chualas i||nach cualas i 
|-
! 1 pl
|chualas sinn ||an cualas sinn ||cha chualas sinn||nach cualas sinn
|-
!2 pl
|chualas sibh ||an cualas sibh ||cha chualas sibh||nach cualas sibh
|-
!3 pl
|chualas iad||an cualas iad||cha chualas iad||nach cualas iad
|}
Notes:
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''

====Present tense====

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. But if forced, one would use a passive periphrastic construction using the present tense of the verb ''bi'' followed by the derived subject followed by ''air'' and finally the verb in verbal noun form:

:{|
|Tha||mi||air||cluinntinn
|-
|be.pres||1s||passive||hear.vn
|-
|colspan="4"|"I am heard"
|}


====Future tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
|-
! 1
|cluinnear mi ||an cluinnear mi ||cha chluinnear mi||nach cluinnear mi||a chluinnear mi 
|-
!2
|cluinnear thu ||an cluinnear thu ||cha chluinnear thu||nach cluinnear thu||a chluinnear thu 
|-
!3 masc
|cluinnear e||an cluinnear e||cha chluinnear e||nach cluinnear e||a chluinnear e
|-
!3 fem
|cluinnear i||an cluinnear i||cha chluinnear i||nach cluinnear i ||a chluinnear i
|-
! 1 pl
|cluinnear sinn ||an cluinnear sinn ||cha chluinnear sinn||nach cluinnear sinn||a chluinnear sinn
|-
!2
|cluinnear sibh ||an cluinnear sibh ||cha chluinnear sibh||nach cluinnear sibh||a chluinnear sibh
|-
!3 pl
|cluinnear iad||an cluinnear iad||cha chluinnear iad||nach cluinnear iad||a chluinnear iad
|}
Notes
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''a'' the particle used with questions, or ''ma'' "if".

==Conditional Mood==
====Active====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| chluinninn<sup>1</sup> ||an cluinninn ||cha chluinninn||nach cluinninn
|-
!2
|chluinneadh tu<sup>2</sup>||an cluinneadh tu ||cha chluinneadh tu||nach cluinneadh tu
|-
!3 masc
|chluinneadh e||an cluinneadh e||cha chluinneadh e||nach cluinneadh e
|-
!3 fem
|chluinneadh i||an cluinneadh i||cha chluinneadh i||nach cluinneadh i 
|-
! 1 pl
|chluinneadh sinn (chluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||an cluinneadh sinn (an cluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||cha chluinneadh sinn (cha chluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||nach cluinneadh sinn (nach cluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)
|-
!2 pl
|chluinneadh sibh ||an cluinneadh sibh ||cha chluinneadh sibh||nach cluinneadh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|chluinneadh iad||an cluinneadh iad||cha chluinneadh iad||nach cluinneadh iad
|}
Notes:
#The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.


====passive====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| chluinnte mi||an cluinnte mi ||cha chluinnte mi||nach cluinnte mi
|-
!2
|chluinnte thu||an cluinnte thu ||cha chluinnte thu||nach cluinnte thu
|-
!3 masc
|chluinnte e||an cluinnte e||cha chluinnte e||nach cluinnte e
|-
!3 fem
|chluinnte i||an cluinnte i||cha chluinnte i||nach cluinnte i 
|-
! 1 pl
|chluinnte sinn ||an cluinnte sinn ||cha chluinnte sinn||nach cluinnte sinn
|-
!2 pl
|chluinnte sibh ||an cluinnte sibh ||cha chluinnte sibh||nach cluinnte sibh
|-
!3 pl
|chluinnte iad||an cluinnte iad||cha chluinnte iad||nach cluinnte iad
|}



==Imperative Mood==

The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Hear!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me hear", "let us hear", "let he/she/them hear". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without [[Lenition|lenition]]

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" 
!colspan="2"|person
!form
|-
!rowspan="4"|singular
!1
|cluinneam<sup>1</sup>
|-
!2
|cluinn<sup>1</sup>
|-
!3 masc
|cluinneadh e
|-
!3 fem
|cluinneadh i
|-
!rowspan="3"|plural
!1
|cluinneamaid<sup>1</sup>
|-
!2
|cluinnibh<sup>1</sup>
|-
!3
|cluinneadh iad
|}
Notes
# The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.


==[[References]]==
*[[Ronald Black|Black, Ronald]] (2006) ''Cothrom Ionnsachaidh'' Peebles: Self-published. 
*[[Michel Byrne|Byrne, Michel]] (2002) ''Gràmar na Gàidhlig''. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair. 
*Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach. 
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2006), ''Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
*[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa


[[Category: Lexical Item]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Morphology]]