View source for Dèan (irregular verb)

The irregular verb ''dèan'' means "to do" or "to make". ''Dèan'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic. 

==Summary  of forms==

*Independent forms of the verb ''dèan'' are used without any particles.
*Dependent forms of the verb ''dèan'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'' and other particles

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" 
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!Dependent
|-align=center
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past<sup>1</sup>
|rinn
|d'rinn or do rinn
|-align=center
!Future
|nì 
|dèan 
|-align=center
!Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
| --- 
|nì
|-align=center
!rowspan="3"|impersonal<sup>1</sup>!!past
|rinneadh 
|do rinneadh 
|-align=center
!future
|nithear
|dèanar
|-align=center
!relative future
| ---
|nithear
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
|dhèanadh<sup>1</sup> <br> (dhèanainn<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(dhèanamaid<sup>2,3</sup> in 1 pl)
|dèanadh<sup>1</sup><br> (dèanainn<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(dèanamaid<sup>2,3</sup> in 1 pl)
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|impersonal
|dhèante 
|dèante 
|-align=center
!rowspan="5"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|1st person!!singular
|dèanam<sup>2</sup>||colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
|-align=center
!plural
|dèanamaid<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
|dèan<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!plural
|dèanaibh<sup>2</sup>
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|3rd person
|dèanadh
|-align=center
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
|dèanamh
|}
Notes:
*<sup>1</sup> the pronoun ''tu'' is used instead of ''thu''
*<sup>2</sup> these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])
*<sup>3</sup> rare and archaic.
<br>

==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
===[[Active voice (definition)|Active Voice]]===
====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question!!embedded
|-
! 1
|rinn mi ||an d'rinn mi ||cha d'rinn mi||nach d'rinn mi||gun d'rinn mi
|-
!2
|rinn thu ||an d'rinn thu ||cha d'rinn thu||nach d'rinn thu||gun d'rinn thu
|-
!3 masc
|rinn e||an d'rinn e||cha d'rinn e||nach d'rinn e||gun d'rinn e
|-
!3 fem
|rinn i||an d'rinn i||cha d'rinn i||nach d'rinn i||gun d'rinn i
|-
! 1 pl
|rinn sinn ||an d'rinn sinn ||cha d'rinn sinn||nach d'rinn sinn||gun d'rinn sinn
|-
!2 pl
|rinn sibh ||an d'rinn sibh ||cha d'rinn sibh||nach d'rinn sibh||gun d'rinn sibh
|-
!3 pl
|rinn iad||an d'rinn iad||cha d'rinn iad||nach d'rinn iad||gun d'rinn iad
|}
<br>

====Present tense====

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning  ("I do something") or a progressive meaning (I am doing something is intended,  the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

:{|
|Tha||mi||a' ||dèanamh
|-
|be.pres||1s||prog||do.vn
|-
|I'm doing/I do
|}

====Future tense====

The [[Future Tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[Habitual Aspect (definition)|habitual]].

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
|-
! 1
|nì mi ||an cluinn mi ||cha chluinn mi||nach cluinn mi||a nì mi 
|-
!2
|nì thu||an dèan thu ||cha dèan thu||nach dèan thu||a nì thu
|-
!3 masc
|nì e||an dèan e||cha dèan e||nach dèan e||a nì e
|-
!3 fem
|nì i||an dèan i||cha dèan i||nach dèan i ||a nì i
|-
! 1 pl
|nì sinn ||an dèan sinn ||cha dèan sinn||nach dèan sinn||a nì sinn
|-
!2 pl
|nì sibh ||an dèan sibh ||cha dèan sibh||nach dèan sibh||a nì sibh
|-
!3 pl
|nì iad||an cluidèannn iad||cha dèan iad||nach dèan iad||a nì iad
|}

Note:
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.
# Note that in the relative future and declarative future the pronoun ''tu'' is used in lieu of ''thu''.


----

===Impersonal/Passive Voice===

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic]] construction using the verbs ''Rach'' or ''Tha'' + the passive marker ''air''. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. ''Chualas''  can be best translated as "someone heard". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "Chualas" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "chualas mi" means "Someone heard me".  This is often translated as "I was heard", hence the typical "passive" label. 

Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling [[Modern Irish]]), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was heard, not the hearer).

====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
|rinneadh mi ||an do rinneadh mi ||cha do rinneadh mi||nach do rinneadh mi
|-
!2
|rinneadh tu<sup>1</sup> ||an do rinneadh tu ||cha do rinneadh tu||nach do rinneadh tu
|-
!3 masc
|rinneadh e||an do rinneadh e||cha do rinneadh e||nach do rinneadh e
|-
!3 fem
|rinneadh i||an do rinneadh i||cha do rinneadh i||nach do rinneadh i 
|-
! 1 pl
|rinneadh sinn ||an do rinneadh sinn ||cha do rinneadh sinn||nach do rinneadh sinn
|-
!2 pl
|rinneadh sibh ||an do rinneadh sibh ||cha do rinneadh sibh||nach do rinneadh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|rinneadh iad||an do rinneadh iad||cha do rinneadh iad||nach do rinneadh iad
|}
Notes:
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''

====Present tense====

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. We leave this blank here


====Future tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
|-
! 1
|nithear mi ||an dèanar mi ||cha dèanar mi||nach dèanar mi||a nithear mi 
|-
!2
|nithear thu ||an dèanar thu ||cha dèanar thu||nach dèanar thu||a nithear thu 
|-
!3 masc
|nithear e||an dèanar e||cha dèanar e||nach dèanar e||a nithear e
|-
!3 fem
|nithear i||an dèanar i||cha dèanar i||nach dèanar i ||a nithear i
|-
! 1 pl
|nithear sinn ||an dèanar sinn ||cha dèanar sinn||nach dèanar sinn||a nithear sinn
|-
!2
|nithear sibh ||an dèanar sibh ||cha dèanar sibh||nach dèanar sibh||a nithear sibh
|-
!3 pl
|nithear iad||an dèanar iad||cha dèanar iad||nach dèanar iad||a nithear iad
|}
Notes
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''a'' the particle used with questions, or ''ma'' "if".
<br>

==Conditional Mood==
====Active====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| dhèanainn<sup>1</sup> ||an dèanainn ||cha dèanainn||nach dèanainn
|-
!2
|dhèanadh tu<sup>2</sup>||an dèanadh tu ||cha dèanadh tu||nach dèanadh tu
|-
!3 masc
|dhèanadh e||an dèanadh e||cha dèanadh e||nach dèanadh e
|-
!3 fem
|dhèanadh i||an dèanadh i||cha dèanadh i||nach dèanadh i 
|-
! 1 pl
|dhèanadh sinn (dhèaneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||an dèanadh sinn (an dèaneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||cha dèanadh sinn (cha dèaneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||nach dèanadh sinn (nach dèaneamaid<sup>3</sup>)
|-
!2 pl
|dhèanadh sibh ||an dèanadh sibh ||cha dèanadh sibh||nach dèanadh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|dhèanadh iad||an dèanadh iad||cha dèanadh iad||nach dèanadh iad
|}
Notes:
#The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.


====passive====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| dhèante mi||an dèante mi ||cha dèante mi||nach dèante mi
|-
!2
|dhèante thu||an dèante thu ||cha dèante thu||nach dèante thu
|-
!3 masc
|dhèante e||an dèante e||cha dèante e||nach dèante e
|-
!3 fem
|dhèante i||an dèante i||cha dèante i||nach dèante i 
|-
! 1 pl
|dhèante sinn ||an dèante sinn ||cha dèante sinn||nach dèante sinn
|-
!2 pl
|dhèante sibh ||an dèante sibh ||cha dèante sibh||nach dèante sibh
|-
!3 pl
|dhèante iad||an dèante iad||cha dèante iad||nach dèante iad
|}

==Imperative Mood==

The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Do!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me do", "let us do", "let he/she/them do". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without [[Lenition|lenition]]

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" 
!colspan="2"|person
!form
|-
!rowspan="4"|singular
!1
|cluinneam<sup>1</sup>
|-
!2
|cluinn<sup>1</sup>
|-
!3 masc
|cluinneadh e
|-
!3 fem
|cluinneadh i
|-
!rowspan="3"|plural
!1
|cluinneamaid<sup>1</sup>
|-
!2
|cluinnibh<sup>1</sup>
|-
!3
|cluinneadh iad
|}
Notes
# The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.

==[[References]]==
*[[Ronald Black|Black, Ronald]] (2006) ''Cothrom Ionnsachaidh'' Peebles: Self-published. 
*[[Michel Byrne|Byrne, Michel]] (2002) ''Gràmar na Gàidhlig''. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair. 
*Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach. 
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2006), ''Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
*[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa


[[Category: Lexical Item]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Morphology]]