View source for Thig (irregular verb)

The irregular verb ''thig'' means "to come". ''Thig'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic.

==Uses==


==Summary  of forms==

*Independent forms of the verb ''thig'' are used without any particles.
*Dependent forms of the verb ''thig'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'', "cha" and other verbal particles.


{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" 
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!Dependent
|-align=center
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past
|thàinig
|tàinig  
|-align=center
!Future
|thig 
|tig
|-align=center
!Relative Future
| ---
|thig
|-align=center
!rowspan="3"|impersonal<sup>1</sup>!!past
|thàinigeadh or thàinigeas
|tàinigeadh or tàinigeas 
|-align=center
!future
|thig(t)ear
|tig(t)ear
|-align=center
!relative future
| ---
|thig(t)ear
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
|thigeadh<sup>2</sup> <br> (thiginn<sup>1</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(thigeamaid<sup>1,3</sup> in 1 pl)
|tigeadh<sup>2</sup><br> (tiginn <sup>1</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(tigeamaid<sup>1,3</sup> in 1pl)
|-align=center
!colspan="2"|impersonal
|thigte
|tigte
|-align=center
!rowspan="2"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
|thig||colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
|-align=center
!plural
|thigibh<sup>1</sup>
|-align=center
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
|tighinn 
|}
Notes:
*<sup>1</sup> these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])
*<sup>2</sup> takes tu rather than thu in the 2nd person.
*<sup>3</sup> 1 pl inflected forms are archaic and are rarely used anymore.

==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
===[[Active voice (definition)|Active Voice]]===
====Past tense====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question!!embedded
|-
! 1
|thàinig mi ||an tàinig mi ||cha tàinig mi||nach tàinig mi||gun tàinig mi
|-
!2
|thàinig thu ||an tàinig thu ||cha tàinig thu||nach tàinig thu||gun tàinig thu
|-
!3 masc
|thàinig e||an tàinig e||cha tàinig e||nach tàinig e||gun tàinig e
|-
!3 fem
|thàinig i||an tàinig i||cha tàinig i||nach tàinig i||gun tàinig i
|-
! 1 pl
|thàinig sinn ||an tàinig sinn ||cha tàinig sinn||nach tàinig sinn||gun tàinig sinn
|-
!2 pl
|thàinig sibh ||an tàinig sibh ||cha tàinig sibh||nach tàinig sibh||gun tàinig sibh
|-
!3 pl
|thàinig iad||an tàinig iad||cha tàinig iad||nach tàinig iad||gun tàinig iad
|}
<br>

====Present tense====

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning  ("I come") or a progressive meaning (I am coming) is intended,  the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., ''tha'', along with the verbal noun.

:{|
|Tha||mi||a' ||tighinn
|-
|be.pres||1s||prog||come.vn
|-
|I'm coming/I come
|}
<br>

====Future tense====

The [[Future Tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[Habitual Aspect (definition)|habitual]].

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question||Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
|-
! 1
|thig mi ||an tig mi ||cha tig||nach tig mi||a thig mi 
|-
!2
|thig thu ||an tig thu ||cha tig thu||nach tig thu||a thig thu
|-
!3 masc
|thig e||an tig e||cha tig e||nach tig e||a thig e
|-
!3 fem
|thig i||an tig i||cha tig i||nach tig i ||a thig i
|-
! 1 pl
|thig sinn ||an tig sinn ||cha tig sinn||nach tig sinn||a thig sinn
|-
!2 pl
|thig sibh ||an tig sibh ||cha tig sibh||nach tig sibh||a thig sibh
|-
!3 pl
|thig iad||an tig iad||cha tig iad||nach tig iad||a thig iad
|}

Note:
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.


----

===Impersonal/Passive Voice===

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject, so thàinigeadh means "someone came" 


====Past tense====

Note: these forms are archaic and almost never used anymore

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
|thàinigeadh ||an tàinigeadh ||cha tàinigeadh||nach tàinigeadh 
|}

<br>

====Present tense====

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English.  We leave this blank here.


====Future tense====

The future tense impersonal independent and relative future form is ''thigear'' or ''thigtear'',  with particles this become ''tig(t)ear'' eg. an tigear.

<br>

==Conditional Mood==
====Active====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! !!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
! 1
| thiginn<sup>1</sup> ||an tiginn<sup>1</sup> ||cha tiginn<sup>1</sup>||nach tiginn<sup>1</sup>
|-
!2
|thigeadh tu<sup>2</sup>||an tigeadh<sup>2</sup> tu ||cha tigeadh<sup>2</sup> tu||nach tigeadh<sup>2</sup> tu
|-
!3 masc
|thigeadh e||an tigeadh e||cha tigeadh e||nach tigeadh e
|-
!3 fem
|thigeadh i||an tigeadh i||cha tigeadh i||nach tigeadh i 
|-
! 1 pl
|thigeadh sinn (thigeamaid<sup>3</sup>)||an tigeadh sinn (an tigeamaid<sup>3</sup>)||cha tigeadh sinn (cha tigeamaid<sup>3</sup>)||nach tigeamaid sinn (nach tigeamaid<sup>3</sup>)
|-
!2 pl
|thigeadh sibh ||an tigeadh sibh ||cha tigeadh sibh||nach tigeadh sibh
|-
!3 pl
|thigeadh iad||an tigeadh iad||cha tigeadh iad||nach tigeadh iad
|}
Notes:
#The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
#The pronoun ''tu'' is used here instead of ''thu''
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.
<br>

====passive====

{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!!Declarative!!Question!!Negative!!Negative Question
|-
|ruigte ||an ruigte||cha ruigte|| nach ruigte
|}
<br>

==Imperative Mood==

*singular: ruig
*plural: ruigibh

<br>
<br>

==[[References]]==
*[[Ronald Black|Black, Ronald]] (2006) ''Cothrom Ionnsachaidh'' Peebles: Self-published. 
*[[Michel Byrne|Byrne, Michel]] (2002) ''Gràmar na Gàidhlig''. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair. 
*Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach. 
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge
*[[Colin Mark|Mark, Colin]] (2006), ''Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
*[[William Lamb|Lamb, William]] (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa


[[Category: Lexical Item]]
[[Category: Irregular Verb]]
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category: Inflection]]