Gender - Revision history

Cpatton: /* Predicting Gender */

2015-10-22T17:50:09Z

‎Predicting Gender

Cpatton: /* Predicting Gender */

2015-10-22T17:49:52Z

‎Predicting Gender

Cpatton: /* Predicting Gender */

2015-10-22T17:49:15Z

‎Predicting Gender

Cpatton: /* Dialect Variation */

2015-10-22T17:47:58Z

‎Dialect Variation

AndrewCarnie at 02:04, 14 May 2012

2012-05-14T02:04:26Z

AndrewCarnie at 01:56, 14 May 2012

2012-05-14T01:56:38Z

AndrewCarnie: /* References */

2012-05-14T01:53:53Z

‎References

AndrewCarnie: /* Predicting Gender */

2012-05-14T01:51:07Z

‎Predicting Gender

AndrewCarnie at 01:37, 14 May 2012

2012-05-14T01:37:26Z

AndrewCarnie at 01:09, 14 May 2012

2012-05-14T01:09:00Z

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 #The names of countries, heavenly bodies, musical instruments, diseases, reptiles and copses are typically feminine
 #Nouns ending in ''-e'', ''-ag'',  ''-lann'', and ''-achd'' are typically feminine,
-#Nouns ending ''-air', ''-eir'', ''-ire'',  ''-a'', ''-iche'', ''-ach'', ''-adh'', ''-(e)an'', ''-as'' are typically masculine. (List based on Ó Muirí 1988)
+#Nouns ending ''-air'', ''-eir'', ''-ire'',  ''-a'', ''-iche'', ''-ach'', ''-adh'', ''-(e)an'', ''-as'' are typically masculine. (List based on Ó Muirí 1988)
 Gillies (1896) notes that there is a trend, by no means absolute, that when the vowel in the last syllable is broad, the noun is often masculine. Ó Muirí (1988) claims that the gender of 91% of nouns is actually predictable based on form.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 #Trees, elements, seasons, days, metals, colors, grains, vegetables, liquors and timber are  typically masculine
 #The names of countries, heavenly bodies, musical instruments, diseases, reptiles and copses are typically feminine
-#Nouns ending in ''-e'', ''-ag'',  "-lann', and ''-achd'' are typically feminine,
+#Nouns ending in ''-e'', ''-ag'',  ''-lann'', and ''-achd'' are typically feminine,
 #Nouns ending ''-air', ''-eir'', ''-ire'',  ''-a'', ''-iche'', ''-ach'', ''-adh'', ''-(e)an'', ''-as'' are typically masculine. (List based on Ó Muirí 1988)
 Gillies (1896) notes that there is a trend, by no means absolute, that when the vowel in the last syllable is broad, the noun is often masculine. Ó Muirí (1988) claims that the gender of 91% of nouns is actually predictable based on form.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Predicting Gender==
 In general, assignment to a particular gender is arbitrary. However, in some cases it can be predicted either by the meaning of the noun or by the noun's form.
-Ó Muirí (1988), based on a survey of traditional grammars lists some heuristics for assigning gender to a noun. Note that in most cases there are exceptions to these heuristics.
+Ó Muirí (1988), based on a survey of traditional grammars, lists some heuristics for assigning gender to a noun. Note that in most cases there are exceptions to these heuristics.
 # Names of males and common nouns referring to males are generally masculine.
 #Those of females and those referring to females are generally feminine. There are many exceptions to (1) and (2): ''boireannach'' 'woman', ''cailin'' 'girl' are masculine and ''sgalag'' 'male farm worker' is feminine.
-#Trees, elements, seasons, days, metals, colors, grains, vegetables, liquors and timber are  typicallymasculine
+#Trees, elements, seasons, days, metals, colors, grains, vegetables, liquors and timber are  typically masculine
 #The names of countries, heavenly bodies, musical instruments, diseases, reptiles and copses are typically feminine
 #Nouns ending in ''-e'', ''-ag'',  "-lann', and ''-achd'' are typically feminine,

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Dialect Variation==
-Most dictionaries list one particular gender for nouns in Scottish Gaelic, but it's possible to find variation among dialects, where a particular noun shifts gender from the standard. For example, in Glendale Gaelic, words beginning with ''seann'' 'old' often shift gender to the feminine, even when masculine without ''seann"'.
+Most dictionaries list one particular gender for nouns in Scottish Gaelic, but it's possible to find variation among dialects, where a particular noun shifts gender from the standard. For example, in Glendale Gaelic, words beginning with ''seann'' 'old' often shift gender to the feminine, even when masculine without ''seann''.
 ===Terminal Dialects===
-In dialects which are close to extinction, the gender distinction often disappears or applies very irregularly (Dorian 1976). For example, in East Southerland Gaelic, some cues to gender, such as the [[lenition]] of the initial consonants of adjectives are frequently omitted, however other cues, such as the lenition after the feminine article are more robust.
+In dialects which are close to extinction, the gender distinction often disappears or applies very irregularly (Dorian 1976). For example, in East Sutherland Gaelic, some cues to gender, such as the [[lenition]] of the initial consonants of adjectives following the feminine noun, are frequently omitted; however other cues, such as the lenition after the feminine article, are more robust.
 ==References==

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==References==
 *Calder, George (1923) ''A Gaelic Grammar''. Glasgow: Alex MacLaren
 *Dorian, Nancy C. (1976) Gender in a Terminal Gaelic Dialect. ''Scottish Gaelic Studies'' 12.2, 279-282
 Gillies, H. Cameron (1896) ''The Elements of Gaelic Grammar''. London: David Nutt
 *Ó Muirí, Damien (1988) Gender of the Noun in Scottish Gaelic. ''Proceedings of the first North American Congress of Celtic Studies Held at Ottawa from 26th-30th March 1986. 423-441.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:37, 14 May 2012
Line 7:		Line 7:
	*The form of adjectives: ''an clach mòr'' 'the book stone' vs ''a' chaora mhòr'' 'the big sheep'		*The form of adjectives: ''an clach mòr'' 'the book stone' vs ''a' chaora mhòr'' 'the big sheep'
	*The pronoun used to refer to the noun (there is no pronoun equivalent to "it" in Scottish Gaelic.) Masculine nouns are referred to with ''e''; feminine nouns are referred to with ''i''.		*The pronoun used to refer to the noun (there is no pronoun equivalent to "it" in Scottish Gaelic.) Masculine nouns are referred to with ''e''; feminine nouns are referred to with ''i''.
		+
		+	==Predicting Gender==
		+	In general, assignment to a particular gender is arbitrary. However, in some cases it can be predicted either by the meaning of the noun or by the noun's form.
		+	Ó Muirí (1988), based on a survey of traditional grammars lists 5 heuristics for assigning gender to a noun. Note that in most cases there are exceptions to these heuristics:
		+	# Names of males and common nouns referring to males are generally masculine. Those of females and those referring to females are generally feminine. There are many exceptions: ''boireannach'' 'woman', ''cailin'' 'girl' are masculine and ''sgalag'' 'male farm worker' is feminine.
		+
		+	==Dialect Variation==
		+
		+	===Terminal Dialects===
		+	In dialects which are close to extinction, the gender distinction often disappears or applies very irregularly (Dorian 1976). For example, in East Southerland Gaelic, some cues to gender, such as the [[lenition]] of the initial consonants of adjectives are frequently omitted, however other cues, such as the lenition after the feminine article are more robust.
		+
		+	==References==
		+	*Calder, George XXXX
		+	*Dorian, Nancy C. (1976) Gender in a Terminal Gaelic Dialect. ''Scottish Gaelic Studies'' 12.2, 279-282
		+	*Ó Muirí, Damien (1988) Gender of the Noun in Scottish Gaelic. ''Proceedings of the first North American Congress of Celtic Studies Held at Ottawa from 26th-30th March 1986. 423-441.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ''for a definition of Gender see [[Gender (definition)]]''
-There are two genders in Scottish Gaelic: Masculine and Feminine.
+There are two genders in Scottish Gaelic: [[Masculine (definition)|Masculine]] and [[Feminine (definition)|Feminine]].
 The gender of a noun affects a number of grammatical properties.