Phonotactics of Scottish Gaelic - Revision history

MicayaClymer: /* Onsets */

2010-01-14T22:44:48Z

‎Onsets

MicayaClymer: /* Aspiration */

2009-10-07T05:42:37Z

‎Aspiration

MicayaClymer: /* Vowel quality */

2009-10-07T05:42:21Z

‎Vowel quality

MicayaClymer: /* Assimilation effects */

2009-10-07T05:41:35Z

‎Assimilation effects

MicayaClymer: /* Distribution of consonants */

2009-10-07T05:40:57Z

‎Distribution of consonants

MicayaClymer: /* Onsets */

2009-10-07T05:40:16Z

‎Onsets

MicayaClymer: /* Onsets */

2009-10-07T05:37:13Z

‎Onsets

MicayaClymer: /* Aspiration */

2009-09-30T18:45:00Z

‎Aspiration

MicayaClymer: /* Diphthongs and hiatus */

2009-09-30T18:38:55Z

‎Diphthongs and hiatus

MicayaClymer: /* Diphthongs and hiatus */

2009-09-30T18:38:30Z

‎Diphthongs and hiatus

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 14 January 2010
Line 24:		Line 24:


−	Word-internal CCC clusters result from coda-onset combinations and are therefore more varied, but they are often simplified by either deletion or epenthesis. For example, word-internal C1C2C3 clusters that begin with a nasal may be reduced to ~~∅C2[+nasal]C3~~. (Wolters 1997).	+	Word-internal CCC clusters result from coda-onset combinations and are therefore more varied, but they are often simplified by either deletion or epenthesis. For example, word-internal C1C2C3 clusters that begin with a nasal may be reduced to ∅C2C3 with nasalization on the preceding vowel. (Wolters 1997).

	===Codas===		===Codas===

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 |}
+Ladefoged (1998) noted differential realization of pre-aspiration, with /t/ and /k/ phonemes receiving greater pre-aspiration than /p/ and non-palatals more than palatals.
 ===Vowel epenthesis===

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 ==Vowel quality==
-Wolters (1997) argues that, while in many languages vowel quality influences consonant quality, in Scottish Gaelic, consonant quality influences vowel quality, especially w.r.t. palatalized (slender) consonants, with an association between palatal consonants and nearby [+front] vowels or on- or off-glides surrounding palatal consonants.
+Wolters (1997) argues that, while in many languages vowel quality influences consonant quality, in Scottish Gaelic, consonant quality influences vowel quality, especially w.r.t. palatalized (slender) consonants, with an association between palatal consonants and nearby [+front] vowels or on- or off-glides surrounding palatal consonants.  Vowels may also become nasalized in proximity to nasal consonants. For example, the word làmh (‘mother’) contains the putative nasal fricative and, according to Oftedal (1956) is realized in Leurbost Gaelic as [ɫãv].
 ===Diphthongs and hiatus===
@@ Line 97: / Line 94: @@
 | "raven"
 |}
 In some dialects, the diphthong/hiatus distinction is erased or realized via differences in intonation. For example, O Murchu (1988) proposes a three-way classification system for complex nucleii, distinguishable by length and tone (rising or falling intonation).

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ==Phonological processes==
 ===Assimilation effects===
-Consonant clusters are affected by several types of assimilation effects, for example palatalization. In C1C2 sequences where C1 is a non-labial sonorant and C2 is any non-labial consonant, the consonants agree in terms of palitalization, even with an intervening epenthetic vowel.
+Consonant clusters are affected by several types of assimilation effects, for example palatalization. In C1C2 sequences where C1 is a non-labial sonorant and C2 is any non-labial consonant, the consonants agree in terms of palitalization, even with an intervening epenthetic vowel. Labials may ocurr before either palatal and non-palatal consonants (Clements 1986). The overall effect is that most word-internal consonant clusters are either completely palatalized or not palatalized with nonhomogeneous clusters ocurring at word boundaries. Word-initial consonant clusters are generally [-palatal] (Wolters 1997).
 E.g.:
@@ Line 55: / Line 46: @@
 |}
-In consonant clusters that contain a velarized sonorant, velarization assimilation often affects the other consonant(s).
+In consonant clusters that contain a velarized sonorant, velarization assimilation often affects the other consonant(s). Finally, voicing assimilation also affects some consonant clusters. For example, a sonorant may be partially de-voiced before a voiceless stop, as in sult [suɫ̥t]  ‘fat’, or an historically tense sonorant may result in partial voicing of a following stop, e.g. calltain [kɑɫdiɲ] ‘hazel’ (Wolters 1997).
 ===Aspiration===

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ===Codas===
-Codas may be of the type ∅, C, or CC.
+Codas may be of the type ∅, C, or CC. Word-final CC clusters generally comprise a sonorant followed by an aspirated (voiceless) stop.
 Ó Murchú (1988) records several word-final CCC codas in stressed monosyllables, all containing /s/ (e.g. /xgs/), and notes that unstressed syllables seem to have a smaller inventory of possible codas  than stressed syllables in the Perthshire dialect.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ===Onsets===
-We see onsets of the type ∅, C, CC, and CCC. Note that CCC onsets may only occur word-initially. Word-internal CCC clusters occur at syllable boundaries. Since the syllabification of polysyllabic Gaelic words is the subject of some debate (c.f. Clements 1985, Bosch 1998, etc.), I shall discuss word-initial and word-medial clusters seperately.
+We see onsets of the type ∅, C, CC, and CCC. Note that CCC onsets may only occur word-initially. Word-internal CCC clusters occur at syllable boundaries. Since the syllabification of polysyllabic Gaelic words is the subject of some debate (c.f. Clements 1985, Bosch 1998, etc.), I shall discuss word-initial and word-medial clusters seperately. In word-initial C1C2 clusters, C2 is generally a member of the set /l, r, s/, and C1 is a sonorant or a stop (Wolters 1997). Various simplification processes work on these clusters. Clusters of the type #Cn are generally realized as #Cr, and . /hl/, /hn/, and /hr/ are frequently realized as /l/, /n/, and /r/, respectively (Gillies 1993). Word-internally, CC clusters are more varied because they often occur at syllable boundaries. Wolters (1997) notes that /s/ seems to have a special status in Gaelic, combining more freely in consonant clusters than other phonemes, even in cases where it violates the Sonority Sequencing Principle.
 Word-initial CCC clusters are of the form:

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 {| class="wikitable" border="1"
 |-
 |/s/ + C[+obs, -son, -voiced] + C [+son, -obs, +voiced]
 |}
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 {| class="wikitable" border="1"
 |-
 | ''sgrìobhadairean''
 | [skɾivət̪ɛɾɪn]
 | " writers"
 |}

@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 | "raven"
 |}
 ==See Also==

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 ===Diphthongs and hiatus===
-When two pronounced vowels are contiguous, we may see either a diphthong (monosyllabic) or a hiatus (disyllabic).
+When two pronounced vowels are contiguous, we may see either a diphthong (monosyllabic) or a hiatus (disyllabic) (Ò Murchi 1988)
 E.g.:
 ==See Also==