Difference between revisions of "Sentential possession"
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| − | Gaelic has no verb 'have' . Instead sentential possession is indicated by using the verb [[Bi]] (Tha, Bha, | + | ==Possession using 'Aig'== |
| + | Gaelic has no verb 'have' . Instead sentential possession is indicated by using the verb [[Bi (irregular verb)]] (Tha, Bha, Bithidh etc) followed by the possessed element followed by the preposition [[Aig (preposition)|aig]] and then the possessor: | ||
| − | {| | + | 1) |
| − | + | :{| | |
|Tha||leabhar||aig||Calum | |Tha||leabhar||aig||Calum | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | When the possessor is pronominal one of the inflected forms of [[Aig (preposition)|aig]] (e.g. agam, agad, aige, etc.) is used: | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2) | ||
| + | :{| | ||
| + | |Tha||leabhar||aige | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Be.pres||book||at.3sm | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan="4"|He has a book | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Idioms using ''Tha ... agam''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *''Need'': Tha feum agam dòl "I need to go" | ||
| + | *''Love'': Tha gaol agam ort "I love you'' | ||
| + | *''Love'': Tha gràdh agam ort "I love you" | ||
| + | *''Hate'': Tha gràin aca oirnn. "They hate us" | ||
| + | *''Know'': Tha fios agam "I know" | ||
| + | *''Remember'': Tha cuimhn' agam air "I remember him" | ||
| + | ==Possession using ''Le''== | ||
| + | To indicate a more intimate kind of possession, such as ownership, Gaelic uses a structure parallel to the one above, using the preposition [[Le (preposition)]] meaning ''with'', instead of aig. Just as Gaelic doesn't have a verb ''have'' it also doesn't have a verb "own'': | ||
| + | |||
| + | 3) | ||
| + | :{| | ||
| + | |Tha||leabhar||le||Calum | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Be.pres||book||with||Calum | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan="4"|Calum owns a book | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | When the possessor is pronominal one of the inflected forms of [[le (preposition)|le]] (e.g. leum, leat, leis, etc.) is used: | ||
| + | |||
| + | 4) | ||
| + | :{| | ||
| + | |Tha||leabhar||leis | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Be.pres||book||with.3sm | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan="4"|He owns a book | ||
| + | |} | ||
==see also== | ==see also== | ||
| + | *[[Genitive Case (definition)]] | ||
| + | *[[Possessive Pronouns]] | ||
*how to indicate the perfect (I have eaten): [[Viewpoint Aspect]] | *how to indicate the perfect (I have eaten): [[Viewpoint Aspect]] | ||
| − | *how to indicate obligation (I have to go): [[Modality]] | + | *how to indicate obligation (I have to go/I need to go): [[Modality]] |
| − | * | + | |
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | *Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: level 1.'' Seattle: Each-Mara Publications | ||
| + | |||
[[Category: Syntax]] | [[Category: Syntax]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:27, 19 May 2012
Contents
Possession using 'Aig'
Gaelic has no verb 'have' . Instead sentential possession is indicated by using the verb Bi (irregular verb) (Tha, Bha, Bithidh etc) followed by the possessed element followed by the preposition aig and then the possessor:
1)
Tha leabhar aig Calum Be.pres book at Calum Calum has a book
When the possessor is pronominal one of the inflected forms of aig (e.g. agam, agad, aige, etc.) is used:
2)
Tha leabhar aige Be.pres book at.3sm He has a book
Idioms using Tha ... agam
- Need: Tha feum agam dòl "I need to go"
- Love: Tha gaol agam ort "I love you
- Love: Tha gràdh agam ort "I love you"
- Hate: Tha gràin aca oirnn. "They hate us"
- Know: Tha fios agam "I know"
- Remember: Tha cuimhn' agam air "I remember him"
Possession using Le
To indicate a more intimate kind of possession, such as ownership, Gaelic uses a structure parallel to the one above, using the preposition Le (preposition) meaning with, instead of aig. Just as Gaelic doesn't have a verb have it also doesn't have a verb "own:
3)
Tha leabhar le Calum Be.pres book with Calum Calum owns a book
When the possessor is pronominal one of the inflected forms of le (e.g. leum, leat, leis, etc.) is used:
4)
Tha leabhar leis Be.pres book with.3sm He owns a book
see also
- Genitive Case (definition)
- Possessive Pronouns
- how to indicate the perfect (I have eaten): Viewpoint Aspect
- how to indicate obligation (I have to go/I need to go): Modality
References
- Fisher, Muriel (2004) Scottish Gaelic: level 1. Seattle: Each-Mara Publications
