Difference between revisions of "Gu (preposition)"

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(Created page with 'Category: Lexical Item Category: Preposition *''for other uses of ''do'' see Do (disambiguation)'' *''for a complete list of prepositions see Prepositions'' Gael…')
 
(→‎Lenited Contracted forms)
 
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[[Category: Lexical Item]]
 
[[Category: Lexical Item]]
 
[[Category: Preposition]]
 
[[Category: Preposition]]
−
*''for other uses of ''do'' see [[Do (disambiguation)]]''
 
 
*''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]''
 
*''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]''
  
−
Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following [[Indefinite (definition)|indefinite]] nouns.
+
Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly "until" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following [[Indefinite (definition)|indefinite]] nouns.
  
 
==Simple forms==
 
==Simple forms==
  
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*bare form: ''do<sup>L</sup>'' 'to a'
+
*bare form: ''gu<sup>L</sup>'' 'up to a'
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*definite form: ''don<sup>L</sup>'' 'to the'
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*definite form: ''chun<sup>L</sup>'' 'up to the' (or more archaically, thun)
  
 
==Basic inflected forms==
 
==Basic inflected forms==
  
−
Like most prepositions, ''do'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''dhomh''.
+
Like most prepositions, ''gu'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''thugam''. The forms beginning with ''ch'' are rarely used anymore.
  
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhomh<TD>dhuinn
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>(th)ugam/chugam<TD>(th)ugainn/chugainn
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhut/dhuit<TD>dhuibh
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>(th)ugad/chugad<TD>(th)ugaibh/chugaibh
−
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh
+
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>(th)uige/chuige<TD rowspan="2">(th)uca/chuca
−
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhi
+
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>(th)uice/chuice
 
</TABLE>
 
</TABLE>
  
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<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhòmh-sa<TD>dhuinn-ne
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>thugam-sa<TD>thugainn-ne
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhut-sa/dhuit-sa<TD>dhuibh-se
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>thugad-sa/dhuit-sa<TD>thugaibh-se
−
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dhà-san<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh-san
+
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>thuige-san<TD rowspan="2">thuca-san
−
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhì-se  
+
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>thuice-se  
 
</TABLE>
 
</TABLE>
  
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<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>do mo<sup>L</sup><TD>do ar<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>do do<sup>L</sup><TD>do ur<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>do a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">do an<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD><sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2"><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>do a<sup>H</sup>
+
<TR><TH>Fem<TD><sup>H</sup>
 
</TABLE>
 
</TABLE>
−
''do am'' is used instead of ''do an'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki>
 
  
 
===Lenited Contracted forms===
 
===Lenited Contracted forms===
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dham<sup>L</sup><TD>dhar<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhad<sup>L</sup><TD>dhur<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dhan<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH><TD><sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2"><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dha<sup>H</sup>
+
<TR><TH>Fem<TD><sup>H</sup>
 
</TABLE>
 
</TABLE>
−
''dham'' is used instead of ''dhan'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki>
 
  
 
===Unlenited Contracted forms===
 
===Unlenited Contracted forms===
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all">
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
 
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dom<sup>L</sup><TD>dar<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dod<sup>L</sup><TD>dur<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>da<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dan<sup>N</sup>
+
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD><sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2"><sup>N</sup>
−
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>da<sup>H</sup>
+
<TR><TH>Fem<TD><sup>H</sup>
 
</TABLE>
 
</TABLE>
−
''dam'' is used instead of ''dan'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki>
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:48, 3 August 2012

Gaelic preposition, meaning roughly "until" or "to". It governs the dative case, and triggers lenition on following indefinite nouns.

Simple forms

  • bare form: guL 'up to a'
  • definite form: chunL 'up to the' (or more archaically, thun)

Basic inflected forms

Like most prepositions, gu can be inflected for person, number, and gender. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word thugam. The forms beginning with ch are rarely used anymore.

singularplural
1st(th)ugam/chugam(th)ugainn/chugainn
2nd(th)ugad/chugad(th)ugaibh/chugaibh
3rdMasc(th)uige/chuige(th)uca/chuca
Fem(th)uice/chuice

Emphatic Inflected forms

Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on ME")

singularplural
1stthugam-sathugainn-ne
2ndthugad-sa/dhuit-sathugaibh-se
3rdMascthuige-santhuca-san
Femthuice-se

Possessive inflected forms:

There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and the other is not

Uncontracted forms

singularplural
1stLN
2ndLN
3rdMascLN
FemH

Lenited Contracted forms

singularplural
1stLN
2ndLN
3rdLN
FemH

Unlenited Contracted forms

singularplural
1stLN
2ndLN
3rdMascLN
FemH

References

Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge

Notes

In this document, as elsewhere, L indicates lenition and N indicates eclipsis, (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and H indicates antilenition (the prefixation of h before words beginning with vowels).

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