Difference between revisions of "Prepositions"

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==List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions==
 
==List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions==
  
−
*[[Aig (preposition)|aig]]  'at' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Aig (preposition)|aig]]  'at'  
−
*[[Air (preposition)|air]]  'on' (does **not** [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[Case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Air (preposition)|air]]  'on'  
−
*[[Ann (preposition)|ann an/ anns/ ann]] 'in' (ann an does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]] and takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Ann (preposition)|ann an/ anns/ ann]] 'in'  
−
*[[Às (preposition)|à/às]] 'out of'/'from' (as in place of national origin)  (does **not** [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Às (preposition)|à/às]] 'out of'/'from'  
−
*[[Bho (preposition)|bho]] 'from' (as in source of movement) ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[Case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Bho (preposition)|bho]] 'from'  
−
*[[chun]] 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" (can only be used with a definite noun, does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], and takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[chun]] 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into"  
−
*[[de]] (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[de]] (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off'  
−
*[[do]] (do<sup>L</sup>) 'to/for' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[do]] (do<sup>L</sup>) 'to/for'  
−
*[[fo]] (fo<sup>L</sup>) 'under' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[fo]] (fo<sup>L</sup>) 'under'  
−
*[[eadar]] 'between' (does **not** [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[accusative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[eadar]] 'between'  
−
*[[far]] 'off' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[far]] 'off' (does '''not'''  
−
*[[gu]] (thun/chun) 'to'  (''gu'' does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case]], ''gus'' [[Lenition|lenite]] and takes [[XXX]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[gu]] (thun/chun) 'to'   
−
*[[gun]] 'without' ([[Lenition|lenite]] (except the [[dental (definition)|dental]] sounds <d,t,n,l,r,s>).  Depending upon the dialect it takes either [[dative]] or [[accusative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[gun]] 'without'  
−
*[[le]] 'with' (does '''not''' [[[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[le]] 'with'  
 
*[[mar]] 'like'/'as'
 
*[[mar]] 'like'/'as'
−
*[[Mu (preposition)]] 'about' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[Mu (preposition)]] 'about'  
−
*[[o]] 'from' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case]])
+
*[[o]] 'from'  
−
*[[rè]] 'during' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]] (except when the object is a definite plural), and takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[rè]] 'during' (does '''not'''  
−
*[[ri]] 'to' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[ri]] 'to' (does '''not'''  
−
*[[ro]] (roimh) 'before' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[ro]] (roimh) 'before'  
−
*[[thar]] 'over'/'beyond' (does '''not''' [[[Lenition|lenite]], and takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[thar]] 'over'/'beyond'
−
*[[tharsainn]] 'across' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], and takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[tharsainn]] 'across'
−
*[[trìd]] 'through, on account of' (does '''not''' [[Lenition|lenite]], and takes [[genitive]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[trìd]] 'through, on account of'
−
*[[tro]] (troimh) 'through' ([[Lenition|lenite]], takes [[dative]] [[case (definition)|case]])
+
*[[tro]] (troimh) 'through'
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{| border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all" style="text-align:left"
 +
|-
 +
|style="text-align:center"|'''PREPOSITION'''
 +
|style="text-align:center"|'''LENITES'''
 +
|style="text-align:center"|'''CASE taken by following'''
 +
|-
 +
|aig 'at'
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|air 'on'
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|ann an/ anns/ ann 'in'
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|à/às 'out of'/'from' (as in place of national origin)
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|bho 'from' (as in source of movement)
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|chun 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into"
 +
|NO
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|de (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off'  
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|do (do<sup>L</sup>) 'to/for'  
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|fo (fo<sup>L</sup>) 'under'
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|eadar 'between'
 +
|NO
 +
|ACCUSATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|far 'off'
 +
|NO
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|gu (thun/chun) 'to'
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|gun 'without'  
 +
|YES (except the dental sounds <d,t,n,l,r,s>)
 +
|DATIVE or ACCUSATIVE (Dialectal variation)
 +
|-
 +
|le 'with'
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|mar 'like'/'as'
 +
|?
 +
|?
 +
|-
 +
|Mu 'about'  
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|o 'from'  
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|rè 'during'  
 +
|YES (only when the object is a definite plural)
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|ri 'to'  
 +
|NO
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|ro (roimh) 'before'
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|thar 'over'/'beyond'
 +
|NO
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|tharsainn 'across'  
 +
|NO
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|trìd 'through, on account of'
 +
|NO
 +
|GENITIVE
 +
|-
 +
|tro (troimh) 'through'
 +
|YES
 +
|DATIVE
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
==List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions==
 
==List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions==
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(List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49)
 
(List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49)
  
−
{| border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all" style="text-align:center"
+
{| border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all" style="text-align:left"
−
|-
 
−
!CASE take by following noun
 
−
!Preposition
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="3"|ACC
+
|style="text-align:center"|'''CASE take by following noun'''
−
|*ceangailte ri 'tied to'  
+
|style="text-align:center"|'''Preposition'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*coltach ri 'similar to'  
+
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|ACCUSATIVE
 +
|ceangailte ri 'tied to'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*gu ruige 'as far as, up to'  
+
|coltach ri 'similar to'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="13"|DAT
+
|gu ruige 'as far as, up to'
−
|*an coimeas ri 'compared to'
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an taca ri 'next to'
+
|rowspan="13" style="text-align:center"|DATIVE
 +
|an coimeas ri 'compared to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*barrachd air 'in addition to'
+
|an taca ri 'next to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*còmhla ri 'along with'
+
|barrachd air 'in addition to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*cuide ri 'along with'
+
|còmhla ri 'along with'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*faisg air 'close to'
+
|cuide ri 'along with'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*goirid air 'close to'
+
|faisg air 'close to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*làmh ri 'next to', 'compared to'
+
|goirid air 'close to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*maille ri 'along with'
+
|làmh ri 'next to', 'compared to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*mun cuairt air 'around"
+
|maille ri 'along with'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*seachad air 'past'
+
|mun cuairt air 'around"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*suas ri 'up to'
+
|seachad air 'past'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*thairis air 'across'
+
|suas ri 'up to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="28"|GEN
+
|thairis air 'across'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*a chum 'for the purpose of'
+
|rowspan="30" style="text-align:center"|GENITIVE
 +
|a chum 'for the purpose of'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*a dh'ionnsaigh 'towards'
+
|a dh'ionnsaigh 'towards'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*a rèir 'according to'
+
|a rèir 'according to'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*a thaobh 'regarding'
+
|a thaobh 'regarding'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air cùlaibh 'behind'
+
|air cùlaibh 'behind'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air feadh 'amongst'
+
|air feadh 'amongst'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air muin 'on top of'  
+
|air muin 'on top of'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air sgàth 'for the sake of'  
+
|air sgàth 'for the sake of'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air son 'for'/'because'  
+
|air son 'for'/'because'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*air tòir ' in pursuit of  
+
|air tòir ' in pursuit of  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*am fianais 'in the presence of'
+
|am fianais 'in the presence of'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*am measg 'among'  
+
|am measg 'among'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an aghaidh 'against'  
+
|an aghaidh 'against'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an àite 'in place of'  
+
|an àite 'in place of'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an ceann 'within'  
+
|an ceann 'within'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an coinneamh 'met with'  
+
|an coinneamh 'met with'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an dèidh 'after'  
+
|an dèidh 'after'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*an làthair 'in the presence of'  
+
|an làthair 'in the presence of'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*às aonais 'without'  
+
|às aonais 'without'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*às eugmhais 'without'  
+
|às eugmhais 'without'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*às leth 'on behalf of'  
+
|às leth 'on behalf of'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*às dèidh 'after'  
+
|às dèidh 'after'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*fa chomhair 'opposite'
+
|fa chomhair 'opposite'
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*mu chomhair 'opposite'  
+
|mu chomhair 'opposite'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*mu dheidhinn 'concerning'  
+
|mu dheidhinn 'concerning'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*mu thimcheall 'regarding'  
+
|mu thimcheall 'regarding'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*mun cuairt 'around'  
+
|mun cuairt 'around'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*os cionn 'above'  
+
|os cionn 'above'  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|*ri taobh 'beside'  
+
|ri taobh 'beside'  
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
  
 
==List of Gaelic Adverbial Particles (intransitive prepositions)==
 
==List of Gaelic Adverbial Particles (intransitive prepositions)==

Latest revision as of 07:34, 26 October 2012

For a definition of preposition see the page Preposition (definition)

Gaelic has both simple prepositions and complex ones. In this article you'll find first a list of all the prepositions, then at the bottom you'll find some useful charts about how prepositions inflect for person and number.


List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions


PREPOSITION LENITES CASE taken by following
aig 'at' NO DATIVE
air 'on' NO DATIVE
ann an/ anns/ ann 'in' NO DATIVE
à/às 'out of'/'from' (as in place of national origin) NO DATIVE
bho 'from' (as in source of movement) YES DATIVE
chun 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" NO GENITIVE
de (dheL/deL) 'of/off' YES DATIVE
do (doL) 'to/for' YES DATIVE
fo (foL) 'under' YES DATIVE
eadar 'between' NO ACCUSATIVE
far 'off' NO GENITIVE
gu (thun/chun) 'to' NO DATIVE
gun 'without' YES (except the dental sounds <d,t,n,l,r,s>) DATIVE or ACCUSATIVE (Dialectal variation)
le 'with' NO DATIVE
mar 'like'/'as' ? ?
Mu 'about' YES DATIVE
o 'from' YES DATIVE
rè 'during' YES (only when the object is a definite plural) GENITIVE
ri 'to' NO DATIVE
ro (roimh) 'before' YES DATIVE
thar 'over'/'beyond' NO GENITIVE
tharsainn 'across' NO GENITIVE
trìd 'through, on account of' NO GENITIVE
tro (troimh) 'through' YES DATIVE

List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions

(List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49)

CASE take by following noun Preposition
ACCUSATIVE ceangailte ri 'tied to'
coltach ri 'similar to'
gu ruige 'as far as, up to'
DATIVE an coimeas ri 'compared to'
an taca ri 'next to'
barrachd air 'in addition to'
còmhla ri 'along with'
cuide ri 'along with'
faisg air 'close to'
goirid air 'close to'
làmh ri 'next to', 'compared to'
maille ri 'along with'
mun cuairt air 'around"
seachad air 'past'
suas ri 'up to'
thairis air 'across'
GENITIVE a chum 'for the purpose of'
a dh'ionnsaigh 'towards'
a rèir 'according to'
a thaobh 'regarding'
air cùlaibh 'behind'
air feadh 'amongst'
air muin 'on top of'
air sgàth 'for the sake of'
air son 'for'/'because'
air tòir ' in pursuit of
am fianais 'in the presence of'
am measg 'among'
an aghaidh 'against'
an àite 'in place of'
an ceann 'within'
an coinneamh 'met with'
an dèidh 'after'
an làthair 'in the presence of'
às aonais 'without'
às eugmhais 'without'
às leth 'on behalf of'
às dèidh 'after'
fa chomhair 'opposite'
mu chomhair 'opposite'
mu dheidhinn 'concerning'
mu thimcheall 'regarding'
mun cuairt 'around'
os cionn 'above'
ri taobh 'beside'


List of Gaelic Adverbial Particles (intransitive prepositions)

  • a-bhàn 'down', 'downwards'
  • a-nìos 'up', 'upwards'


The Inflection of Gaelic Prepositions

Gaelic Prepositions inflect for person, number and gender when they take a pronoun as an object. For example if we were to say "at me", we use the inflected form "agam".

External Links

References

  • Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
  • Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa
  • Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
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