Difference between revisions of "Do (preposition)"
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[[Category: Lexical Item]] | [[Category: Lexical Item]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category: Preposition]] | |
| + | *''for other uses of ''do'' see [[Do (disambiguation)]]'' | ||
| + | *''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]'' | ||
| − | Gaelic [[preposition]], meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following indefinite nouns. | + | Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following indefinite nouns. |
| − | + | ==Simple forms== | |
| − | bare form: do | + | bare form: do<sup>L</sup> 'to a' |
| − | definite form: don | + | definite form: don<sup>L</sup> 'to the' |
| − | ===Basic inflected forms | + | ===Basic inflected forms== |
Like most prepositions, ''do'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''dhomh''. | Like most prepositions, ''do'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''dhomh''. | ||
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhomh<TD>dhuinn | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhomh<TD>dhuinn | ||
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<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhi | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhi | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | + | ==Emphatic Inflected forms== | |
Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on **me**") | Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on **me**") | ||
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhòmhsa<TD>dhuinne | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhòmhsa<TD>dhuinne | ||
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| − | + | ==Possessive inflected forms:== | |
| − | There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction | + | There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and other is not |
| − | ==Partly Uncontracted forms== | + | ===Partly Uncontracted forms=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>do mo<sup>L</sup><TD>do ar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>do mo<sup>L</sup><TD>do ar<sup>N</sup> | ||
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<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>do a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">do an<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>do a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">do an<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>do a<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>do a<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
''do am'' is used instead of do an "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ''do am'' is used instead of do an "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ||
| − | ==Lenited Contracted forms== | + | ===Lenited Contracted forms=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dham<sup>L</sup><TD>dhar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dham<sup>L</sup><TD>dhar<sup>N</sup> | ||
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''dham'' is used instead of dhan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ''dham'' is used instead of dhan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ||
| − | ==Unlenited Contracted forms== | + | ===Unlenited Contracted forms=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dom<sup>L</sup><TD>dar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dom<sup>L</sup><TD>dar<sup>N</sup> | ||
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<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>da<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dan<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>da<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dan<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>da<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>da<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
''dam'' is used instead of dan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ''dam'' is used instead of dan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[consonant consonants]] <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
Revision as of 09:30, 17 May 2009
- for other uses of do see Do (disambiguation)
- for a complete list of prepositions see Prepositions
Gaelic preposition, meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the dative case, and triggers lenition on following indefinite nouns.
Contents
Simple forms
bare form: doL 'to a' definite form: donL 'to the'
=Basic inflected forms
Like most prepositions, do can be inflected for person, number, and gender. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word dhomh.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhomh | dhuinn | |
| 2nd | dhut | dhuibh | |
| 3rd | Masc | dha | dhaibh |
| Fem | dhi | ||
Emphatic Inflected forms
Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on **me**")
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhòmhsa | dhuinne | |
| 2nd | dhutsa | dhuibhse | |
| 3rd | Masc | dhàsan | dhaibhsan |
| Fem | dhìse | ||
Possessive inflected forms:
There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and other is not
Partly Uncontracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | do moL | do arN | |
| 2nd | do doL | do urN | |
| 3rd | Masc | do aL | do anN |
| Fem | do aH | ||
, <m>, and <f>
Lenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhamL | dharN | |
| 2nd | dhadL | dhurN | |
| 3rd | Masc | dhaL | dhanN |
| Fem | dhaH | ||
, <m>, and <f>
Unlenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | domL | darN | |
| 2nd | dodL | durN | |
| 3rd | Masc | daL | danN |
| Fem | daH | ||
, <m>, and <f>
References
Mark, Colin (2004) //The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.// London: Routledge
Notes
In this document, as elsewhere, ""L"" indicates lenition and ""N"" indicates nasalization, (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and ""H"" indicates antilenition (the prefixation of h before words beginning with vowels).
