Difference between revisions of "Prepositions"
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==List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions== | ==List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions== | ||
− | *[[Aig (preposition)|aig]] 'at' | + | *[[Aig (preposition)|aig]] 'at' |
− | *[[Air (preposition)|air]] 'on' | + | *[[Air (preposition)|air]] 'on' |
− | *[[Ann (preposition)|ann an/ anns/ ann]] 'in' | + | *[[Ann (preposition)|ann an/ anns/ ann]] 'in' |
− | *[[Às (preposition)|à/às]] 'out of'/'from' | + | *[[Às (preposition)|à/às]] 'out of'/'from' |
− | *[[Bho (preposition)|bho]] 'from' | + | *[[Bho (preposition)|bho]] 'from' |
− | *[[chun]] 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" | + | *[[chun]] 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" |
− | *[[de]] (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off' | + | *[[de]] (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off' |
− | *[[do]] (do | + | *[[do]] (do<sup>L</sup>) 'to/for' |
− | *[[fo]] (fo | + | *[[fo]] (fo<sup>L</sup>) 'under' |
− | *[[eadar]] 'between' | + | *[[eadar]] 'between' |
− | *[[far]] 'off' (does '''not''' | + | *[[far]] 'off' (does '''not''' |
− | *[[gu]] (thun/chun) 'to' | + | *[[gu]] (thun/chun) 'to' |
− | *[[gun]] 'without' | + | *[[gun]] 'without' |
− | *[[le]] 'with' | + | *[[le]] 'with' |
*[[mar]] 'like'/'as' | *[[mar]] 'like'/'as' | ||
− | *[[ | + | *[[Mu (preposition)]] 'about' |
− | *[[o]] 'from' | + | *[[o]] 'from' |
− | *[[rè]] 'during' (does '''not''' | + | *[[rè]] 'during' (does '''not''' |
− | *[[ri]] 'to' (does '''not''' | + | *[[ri]] 'to' (does '''not''' |
− | *[[ro]] (roimh) 'before' | + | *[[ro]] (roimh) 'before' |
− | *[[thar]] 'over'/'beyond' | + | *[[thar]] 'over'/'beyond' |
− | *[[tharsainn]] 'across' | + | *[[tharsainn]] 'across' |
− | *[[trìd]] 'through, on account of' | + | *[[trìd]] 'through, on account of' |
− | *[[tro]] (troimh) 'through' | + | *[[tro]] (troimh) 'through' |
+ | |||
+ | {| border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all" style="text-align:left" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |style="text-align:center"|'''PREPOSITION''' | ||
+ | |style="text-align:center"|'''LENITES''' | ||
+ | |style="text-align:center"|'''CASE taken by following''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |aig 'at' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |air 'on' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ann an/ anns/ ann 'in' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |à/às 'out of'/'from' (as in place of national origin) | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |bho 'from' (as in source of movement) | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |chun 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |de (dhe<sup>L</sup>/de<sup>L</sup>) 'of/off' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |do (do<sup>L</sup>) 'to/for' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |fo (fo<sup>L</sup>) 'under' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |eadar 'between' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |ACCUSATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |far 'off' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |gu (thun/chun) 'to' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |gun 'without' | ||
+ | |YES (except the dental sounds <d,t,n,l,r,s>) | ||
+ | |DATIVE or ACCUSATIVE (Dialectal variation) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |le 'with' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |mar 'like'/'as' | ||
+ | |? | ||
+ | |? | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mu 'about' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |o 'from' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |rè 'during' | ||
+ | |YES (only when the object is a definite plural) | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ri 'to' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ro (roimh) 'before' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |thar 'over'/'beyond' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |tharsainn 'across' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |trìd 'through, on account of' | ||
+ | |NO | ||
+ | |GENITIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |tro (troimh) 'through' | ||
+ | |YES | ||
+ | |DATIVE | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
==List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions== | ==List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions== | ||
(List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49) | (List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49) | ||
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− | + | {| border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all" style="text-align:left" | |
− | == | + | |- |
− | + | |style="text-align:center"|'''CASE take by following noun''' | |
− | + | |style="text-align:center"|'''Preposition''' | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|ACCUSATIVE | |
− | + | |ceangailte ri 'tied to' | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | |coltach ri 'similar to' | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | |gu ruige 'as far as, up to' | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | |rowspan="13" style="text-align:center"|DATIVE | |
− | + | |an coimeas ri 'compared to' | |
+ | |- | ||
+ | |an taca ri 'next to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |barrachd air 'in addition to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |còmhla ri 'along with' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |cuide ri 'along with' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |faisg air 'close to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |goirid air 'close to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |làmh ri 'next to', 'compared to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |maille ri 'along with' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |mun cuairt air 'around" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |seachad air 'past' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |suas ri 'up to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |thairis air 'across' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |rowspan="30" style="text-align:center"|GENITIVE | ||
+ | |a chum 'for the purpose of' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |a dh'ionnsaigh 'towards' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |a rèir 'according to' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |a thaobh 'regarding' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |air cùlaibh 'behind' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |air feadh 'amongst' | |
− | |||
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|- | |- | ||
− | + | |air muin 'on top of' | |
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|- | |- | ||
− | + | |air sgàth 'for the sake of' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |air son 'for'/'because' | |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |air tòir ' in pursuit of | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |am fianais 'in the presence of' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |am measg 'among' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |an aghaidh 'against' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |an àite 'in place of' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |an ceann 'within' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |an coinneamh 'met with' |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |an dèidh 'after' | |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |an làthair 'in the presence of' |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |às aonais 'without' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |às eugmhais 'without' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |às leth 'on behalf of' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |às dèidh 'after' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |fa chomhair 'opposite' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |mu chomhair 'opposite' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |mu dheidhinn 'concerning' | |
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |mu thimcheall 'regarding' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |mun cuairt 'around' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |os cionn 'above' | |
− | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | |ri taobh 'beside' | |
− | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | * | + | ==List of Gaelic Adverbial Particles (intransitive prepositions)== |
+ | *a-bhàn 'down', 'downwards' | ||
+ | *a-nìos 'up', 'upwards' | ||
+ | |||
− | == | + | ==The Inflection of Gaelic Prepositions== |
− | |||
− | + | Gaelic Prepositions inflect for [[person (definition)|person]], [[number (definition)|number]] and [[gender (definition)|gender]] when they take a [[Pronoun (definition)|pronoun]] as an object. For example if we were to say "at me", we use the inflected form "agam". | |
− | + | *A complete set of inflected form of the prepositions can be found at [[Prepositional Inflection]] | |
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− | == | + | == External Links == |
− | + | *An Coitcheann page on Prepositions: http://wikademy.wikispaces.com/Prepositions | |
==[[References]]== | ==[[References]]== | ||
− | + | *Mark, Colin (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge | |
− | + | *Lamb, William (2003) ''Scottish Gaelic''. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa | |
− | + | *Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach. | |
− | + | ||
+ | |||
[[Category:Syntax]] | [[Category:Syntax]] | ||
[[Category:Morphology]] | [[Category:Morphology]] | ||
+ | [[Category: Preposition]] | ||
+ | [[Category: Lexical Item]] |
Latest revision as of 08:34, 26 October 2012
For a definition of preposition see the page Preposition (definition)
Gaelic has both simple prepositions and complex ones. In this article you'll find first a list of all the prepositions, then at the bottom you'll find some useful charts about how prepositions inflect for person and number.
Contents
List of Gaelic Simple Prepositions
- aig 'at'
- air 'on'
- ann an/ anns/ ann 'in'
- à/às 'out of'/'from'
- bho 'from'
- chun 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into"
- de (dheL/deL) 'of/off'
- do (doL) 'to/for'
- fo (foL) 'under'
- eadar 'between'
- far 'off' (does not
- gu (thun/chun) 'to'
- gun 'without'
- le 'with'
- mar 'like'/'as'
- Mu (preposition) 'about'
- o 'from'
- rè 'during' (does not
- ri 'to' (does not
- ro (roimh) 'before'
- thar 'over'/'beyond'
- tharsainn 'across'
- trìd 'through, on account of'
- tro (troimh) 'through'
PREPOSITION | LENITES | CASE taken by following |
aig 'at' | NO | DATIVE |
air 'on' | NO | DATIVE |
ann an/ anns/ ann 'in' | NO | DATIVE |
à/às 'out of'/'from' (as in place of national origin) | NO | DATIVE |
bho 'from' (as in source of movement) | YES | DATIVE |
chun 'to the' (in the sense of "as far as" but not "into" | NO | GENITIVE |
de (dheL/deL) 'of/off' | YES | DATIVE |
do (doL) 'to/for' | YES | DATIVE |
fo (foL) 'under' | YES | DATIVE |
eadar 'between' | NO | ACCUSATIVE |
far 'off' | NO | GENITIVE |
gu (thun/chun) 'to' | NO | DATIVE |
gun 'without' | YES (except the dental sounds <d,t,n,l,r,s>) | DATIVE or ACCUSATIVE (Dialectal variation) |
le 'with' | NO | DATIVE |
mar 'like'/'as' | ? | ? |
Mu 'about' | YES | DATIVE |
o 'from' | YES | DATIVE |
rè 'during' | YES (only when the object is a definite plural) | GENITIVE |
ri 'to' | NO | DATIVE |
ro (roimh) 'before' | YES | DATIVE |
thar 'over'/'beyond' | NO | GENITIVE |
tharsainn 'across' | NO | GENITIVE |
trìd 'through, on account of' | NO | GENITIVE |
tro (troimh) 'through' | YES | DATIVE |
List of Gaelic Complex and Compound Prepositions
(List taken from Mark 2004:686 and Lamb 2003:49)
CASE take by following noun | Preposition |
ACCUSATIVE | ceangailte ri 'tied to' |
coltach ri 'similar to' | |
gu ruige 'as far as, up to' | |
DATIVE | an coimeas ri 'compared to' |
an taca ri 'next to' | |
barrachd air 'in addition to' | |
còmhla ri 'along with' | |
cuide ri 'along with' | |
faisg air 'close to' | |
goirid air 'close to' | |
làmh ri 'next to', 'compared to' | |
maille ri 'along with' | |
mun cuairt air 'around" | |
seachad air 'past' | |
suas ri 'up to' | |
thairis air 'across' | |
GENITIVE | a chum 'for the purpose of' |
a dh'ionnsaigh 'towards' | |
a rèir 'according to' | |
a thaobh 'regarding' | |
air cùlaibh 'behind' | |
air feadh 'amongst' | |
air muin 'on top of' | |
air sgàth 'for the sake of' | |
air son 'for'/'because' | |
air tòir ' in pursuit of | |
am fianais 'in the presence of' | |
am measg 'among' | |
an aghaidh 'against' | |
an àite 'in place of' | |
an ceann 'within' | |
an coinneamh 'met with' | |
an dèidh 'after' | |
an làthair 'in the presence of' | |
às aonais 'without' | |
às eugmhais 'without' | |
às leth 'on behalf of' | |
às dèidh 'after' | |
fa chomhair 'opposite' | |
mu chomhair 'opposite' | |
mu dheidhinn 'concerning' | |
mu thimcheall 'regarding' | |
mun cuairt 'around' | |
os cionn 'above' | |
ri taobh 'beside' |
List of Gaelic Adverbial Particles (intransitive prepositions)
- a-bhàn 'down', 'downwards'
- a-nìos 'up', 'upwards'
The Inflection of Gaelic Prepositions
Gaelic Prepositions inflect for person, number and gender when they take a pronoun as an object. For example if we were to say "at me", we use the inflected form "agam".
- A complete set of inflected form of the prepositions can be found at Prepositional Inflection
External Links
- An Coitcheann page on Prepositions: http://wikademy.wikispaces.com/Prepositions
References
- Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
- Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa
- Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.