Difference between revisions of "Passives"

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The Passive form can be formed using the verbs both 'be' and 'go'. Furthermore, 'be' can be formed using a transitive and a perfective particle.
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 +
==The Passive==
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 +
 
 
:{|
 
:{|
−
|'''Thà'''
+
|'''Bhrisd'''
−
|'''an'''
+
|'''Iain'''
−
|'''sqeul'''
+
|'''a''''
−
|'''sgriobhte'''
+
|'''ghloinne'''
−
|'''a's'''
 
−
|'''a'leabhar'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|be-PRES
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|break.PAST
−
|ART
+
|Iain
−
|story-N
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|the.sf
−
|write-PART
+
|glass.sf
−
|in-the
 
−
|book-D
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="3"| 'The story is written in the book.'
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|colspan="3"| 'John broke the glass'
−
|}
+
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Bhrisd'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|-
 +
|break.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass broke'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Bha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''brisde'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Bha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''brisde'''
 +
|'''le'''
 +
|'''Iain.'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|*with
 +
|Iain
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken (*by John).'
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| Ungrammatical because verbal adjective is disallowed by phrase
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
=='Go' Passives==
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Chaidh'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisdeadh.'''
 +
|-
 +
|go.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|poss.3sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Chaidh'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisdeadh'''
 +
|'''le'''
 +
|'''Iain.'''
 +
|-
 +
|go.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|poss.3sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|with
 +
|Iain
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken by John.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Perfective Transitive Particle Form==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Bha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''air'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisdeadh.'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|perf
 +
|tran(poss.3sf)
 +
|break.va
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Bha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''air'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisdeadh'''
 +
|'''with'''
 +
|'''Iain.'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PAST
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|perf
 +
|tran(poss.3sf)
 +
|break.va
 +
|with
 +
|Iain
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken by John.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
==Verbal Adjective Constructions==
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Tha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''air'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisde'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PRES
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken.'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|'''Tha'''
 +
|'''a''''
 +
|'''ghloinne'''
 +
|'''air'''
 +
|'''a'''
 +
|'''brisde'''
 +
|'''le'''
 +
|'''Iain'''
 +
|-
 +
|be.PRES
 +
|the.sf
 +
|glass.sf
 +
|break.va
 +
|with
 +
|Iain
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="3"| 'The glass was broken (*by John).'
 +
|}(Reed, 2008)
  
  

Revision as of 10:46, 17 September 2012

The Passive form can be formed using the verbs both 'be' and 'go'. Furthermore, 'be' can be formed using a transitive and a perfective particle.

The Passive

Bhrisd Iain a' ghloinne
break.PAST Iain the.sf glass.sf
'John broke the glass'
(Reed, 2008)


Bhrisd a' ghloinne
break.PAST the.sf glass.sf
'The glass broke'
(Reed, 2008)


Bha a' ghloinne brisde
be.PAST the.sf glass.sf break.va
'The glass was broken.'
(Reed, 2008)


Bha a' ghloinne brisde le Iain.
be.PAST the.sf glass.sf break.va *with Iain
'The glass was broken (*by John).'
Ungrammatical because verbal adjective is disallowed by phrase
(Reed, 2008)

'Go' Passives

Chaidh a' ghloinne a brisdeadh.
go.PAST the.sf glass.sf poss.3sf break.va
'The glass was broken.'
(Reed, 2008)



Chaidh a' ghloinne a brisdeadh le Iain.
go.PAST the.sf glass.sf poss.3sf break.va with Iain
'The glass was broken by John.'
(Reed, 2008)


Perfective Transitive Particle Form

Bha a' ghloinne air a brisdeadh.
be.PAST the.sf glass.sf perf tran(poss.3sf) break.va
'The glass was broken.'
(Reed, 2008)


Bha a' ghloinne air a brisdeadh with Iain.
be.PAST the.sf glass.sf perf tran(poss.3sf) break.va with Iain
'The glass was broken by John.'
(Reed, 2008)

Verbal Adjective Constructions

Tha a' ghloinne air a brisde
be.PRES the.sf glass.sf break.va
'The glass was broken.'
(Reed, 2008)


Tha a' ghloinne air a brisde le Iain
be.PRES the.sf glass.sf break.va with Iain
'The glass was broken (*by John).'
(Reed, 2008)


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