Difference between revisions of "Formation of Verbal Nouns"
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*''for a definition of verbal noun see [[Verbal Noun (definition)]] | *''for a definition of verbal noun see [[Verbal Noun (definition)]] | ||
*''for a discussion of the uses of verbal nouns see [[Verbal Nouns]] | *''for a discussion of the uses of verbal nouns see [[Verbal Nouns]] | ||
| + | This section is largely based on chapter 8 of Colin Marks (2006) ''Gaelic Verbs: Systemized and Simplified'', although some extra generalizations and patterns are reported here. | ||
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| − | + | ==Suffix -(e)adh (Mark's type 1)== | |
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| + | The most common way to form a verbal noun is to suffix some version of the suffix ''-adh'' (pronounced either /u/ or /əg/). There are several variants of this, listed bleow | ||
| − | ==Suffix -( | + | ===Suffix -adh (Mark's type 1a) === |
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| − | + | One common way to form the verbal noun is to suffix ''-adh'' to a root ending a [[Broad|broad]] consonant. | |
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| + | Other verbs that use this method (list taken from Mark (2006))-- Note however that there is a great deal of dialect variation on how the verbal noun is formed: ''aom'' 'bend', ''bac'' 'hinder, ''bàth'' 'drown', ''biadh'' 'feed', ''blian'' 'sunbathe', ''bòc'' 'swell', ''bog'' 'wag', ''brath'' 'betray', ''breab'' 'kick', ''brùchd'' 'burst out', ''brùth'' 'bruise', ''calc'' 'ram/cram', ''càrd'' 'card', ''càrn'' 'gather', ''ciùrr'' 'hurt', ''cleachd'' 'use', ''cnàmh'' 'digest'' (also type 2), ''cog'' 'fight', ''còrd'' 'agree/please' | ||
===Suffix -eadh=== | ===Suffix -eadh=== | ||
| − | === | + | ===Broaden and suffix -adh=== |
This method is used for words ending in ''-aich'', monosyllabic words ending in ''-ail'', and ''-ich''. To form the verbal noun, make the final consonant [[Broad (definition)|broad]] by doing one of the following: | This method is used for words ending in ''-aich'', monosyllabic words ending in ''-ail'', and ''-ich''. To form the verbal noun, make the final consonant [[Broad (definition)|broad]] by doing one of the following: | ||
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| + | ==Verbal noun is the same as the imperative== | ||
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| + | {|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | ||
| + | !Imperative | ||
| + | !verbal Noun | ||
| + | !verb meaning | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |leum | ||
| + | |leum | ||
| + | |jump | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |obair | ||
| + | |obair | ||
| + | |work | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |òl | ||
| + | |òl | ||
| + | |drink | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |ruith | ||
| + | |ruith | ||
| + | |run | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |seinn | ||
| + | |seinn | ||
| + | |sing | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |stad | ||
| + | |stad | ||
| + | |stop | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |streap | ||
| + | |streap | ||
| + | |climb | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Broaden final consonant == | ||
==Irregular non-suppletive changes== | ==Irregular non-suppletive changes== | ||
Revision as of 14:35, 13 June 2009
- for a definition of verbal noun see Verbal Noun (definition)
- for a discussion of the uses of verbal nouns see Verbal Nouns
This section is largely based on chapter 8 of Colin Marks (2006) Gaelic Verbs: Systemized and Simplified, although some extra generalizations and patterns are reported here.
Contents
Suffix -(e)adh (Mark's type 1)
The most common way to form a verbal noun is to suffix some version of the suffix -adh (pronounced either /u/ or /əg/). There are several variants of this, listed bleow
Suffix -adh (Mark's type 1a)
One common way to form the verbal noun is to suffix -adh to a root ending a broad consonant.
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| danns | dannsadh | dance |
| leugh | leughadh | read |
| pòg | pògadh | kiss |
| sgriobh | sgriobhadh | write |
Other verbs that use this method (list taken from Mark (2006))-- Note however that there is a great deal of dialect variation on how the verbal noun is formed: aom 'bend', bac 'hinder, bàth 'drown', biadh 'feed', blian 'sunbathe', bòc 'swell', bog 'wag', brath 'betray', breab 'kick', brùchd 'burst out', brùth 'bruise', calc 'ram/cram', càrd 'card', càrn 'gather', ciùrr 'hurt', cleachd 'use', cnàmh 'digest (also type 2), cog 'fight', còrd 'agree/please'
Suffix -eadh
Broaden and suffix -adh
This method is used for words ending in -aich, monosyllabic words ending in -ail, and -ich. To form the verbal noun, make the final consonant broad by doing one of the following:
- -aich --> ach+adh
- -ich --> each+adh e.g.
- -ail --> al+adh, e.g., buail --> bualadh
broaden, syncope final syllable, suffix -adh
where C stands for any consonant.
- Cail --> Cl+adh
Suffix -amh
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| dean | deanamh | do |
| seas | seasamh | sit |
Suffix -t(a)inn
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| cluinn | cluinntinn | listen |
| seall | sealltainn | look |
Suffix -e
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ith | ithe | eat |
| suidh | suidhe | sit |
Verbal noun is the same as the imperative
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| leum | leum | jump |
| obair | obair | work |
| òl | òl | drink |
| ruith | ruith | run |
| seinn | seinn | sing |
| stad | stad | stop |
| streap | streap | climb |
Broaden final consonant
Irregular non-suppletive changes
Suppletive verbal nouns
| Imperative | verbal Noun | verb meaning |
|---|---|---|
| abair | ràdh | say |
| rach | dol | go |
| thàladh | falbh | leave |
