Difference between revisions of "Verb Inflection"
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==Past Tense== | ==Past Tense== | ||
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|tog | |tog | ||
|thog | |thog | ||
| + | |lifted | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===In Negatives, Questions and Embedded Clauses== | ||
| + | |||
| + | In negatives, questions and declarative embedded clauses, the verb takes its [[Dependent (definition)|dependent]] form. In the past tense the dependent form is usually identical to the normal past, but preceded by the particle ''do''. ''Do'' is required in formal speech and in prescriptive writing but is often left out in rapid speech. Some dialects (e.g. Lewis) tend to leave the particle off more frequently. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | ||
| + | !Past Tense | ||
| + | !Question | ||
| + | !Negation | ||
| + | !Negative Question | ||
| + | !Embedded clause | ||
| + | !English | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |phòg | ||
| + | |an do phòg | ||
| + | |cha do phòg | ||
| + | |nach do phòg | ||
| + | |gun do phòg | ||
| + | |kissed | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |dh'obair | ||
| + | |an do dh'obair | ||
| + | |cha do dh'obair | ||
| + | |nach do dh'obair | ||
| + | |gun do dh'obair | ||
| + | |worked | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |shabaid | ||
| + | |an do shabaid | ||
| + | |cha do shabaid | ||
| + | |nach do shabaid | ||
| + | |gun do shabaid | ||
| + | |fought | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |sheas | ||
| + | |an do sheas | ||
| + | |cha do sheas | ||
| + | |nach do sheas | ||
| + | |gun do sheas | ||
| + | |sat | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |thog | ||
| + | |an do thog | ||
| + | |cha do thog | ||
| + | |nach do thog | ||
| + | |gun do thog | ||
|lifted | |lifted | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 07:44, 17 September 2009
Past Tense
Declarative
With regular verbs in declarative context, the past tense is formed by leniting the first consonant of the imperative. With vowel initial forms, one prefixes an orthographic <dh'> (pronounced as [ɣ] before broad vowels and [j] before slender ones)
| Imperative | Past Tense | English |
|---|---|---|
| pòg! | phòg | kissed |
| obair! | dh'obair | worked |
| sabaid! | shabaid | fought |
| seas! | sheas | sat |
| tog | thog | lifted |
=In Negatives, Questions and Embedded Clauses
In negatives, questions and declarative embedded clauses, the verb takes its dependent form. In the past tense the dependent form is usually identical to the normal past, but preceded by the particle do. Do is required in formal speech and in prescriptive writing but is often left out in rapid speech. Some dialects (e.g. Lewis) tend to leave the particle off more frequently.
| Past Tense | Question | Negation | Negative Question | Embedded clause | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phòg | an do phòg | cha do phòg | nach do phòg | gun do phòg | kissed |
| dh'obair | an do dh'obair | cha do dh'obair | nach do dh'obair | gun do dh'obair | worked |
| shabaid | an do shabaid | cha do shabaid | nach do shabaid | gun do shabaid | fought |
| sheas | an do sheas | cha do sheas | nach do sheas | gun do sheas | sat |
| thog | an do thog | cha do thog | nach do thog | gun do thog | lifted |
References
Fisher, Muriel (2004) Scottish Gaelic Level 2. Each-Mara Productions.
