Difference between revisions of "Adverbs"
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| − | Adverbs in Gaelic can be formed by using the inflectional morpheme 'gu'. However, many Adverbs in Gaelic are non-inflected, and thus occur as fixed phrases. | + | Adverbs in Gaelic can be formed by using the inflectional morpheme 'gu,' or can follow a preposition. However, many Adverbs in Gaelic are non-inflected, and thus occur as fixed phrases. |
| − | + | ==Formation== | |
| − | == | ||
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===Adverbs with 'gu'=== | ===Adverbs with 'gu'=== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | + | ===Adverbs Formed using Prepositions=== | |
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |align="left"|''air èiginn'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'with difficulty' | ||
| + | |align="left"| ''air chall'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'lost' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |align="left"|''fa sgaoil'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'in dispersed fashion' | ||
| + | |align="left"| ''air seòl'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'sailing' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |align="left"|''an làthair'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'present' | ||
| + | |align="left"| ''aur iteal'' | ||
| + | |align="left"| 'flying' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} (Lamb 2001) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Intesifiers=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Adverbs can be intensified using "glè" (very), and "ro"'extremely: | ||
| + | :{| | ||
| + | |''mòr'' | ||
| + | |→ | ||
| + | |''gu mòr'' | ||
| + | |→ | ||
| + | |''gu glè mòr'' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |'great' | ||
| + | |→ | ||
| + | |'greatly' | ||
| + | |→ | ||
| + | |'very greatly' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
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:{| | :{| | ||
|Thuirt | |Thuirt | ||
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|colspan="3"| 'Seamus said very coldly.' | |colspan="3"| 'Seamus said very coldly.' | ||
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==Time Adverbs== | ==Time Adverbs== | ||
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==Direction and Location== | ==Direction and Location== | ||
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="0" cellpadding="3" |
| − | ! rowspan=1 | | + | ! rowspan=1 |Location |
! rowspan=1 |Movement | ! rowspan=1 |Movement | ||
| − | ! rowspan=1 | | + | ! rowspan=1 |English |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|"shuas" |
|align="left"|"suas" | |align="left"|"suas" | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|'up' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|"shìos" |
|align="left"|"sìos" | |align="left"|"sìos" | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"| 'down' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|"a-bhos" |
|align="left"|"a-nall" | |align="left"|"a-nall" | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|'over here |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|"thall" |
|align="left"|"a-null" | |align="left"|"a-null" | ||
| − | |align="left"| | + | |align="left"|'over there' |
|} (Lamb 2001) | |} (Lamb 2001) | ||
Latest revision as of 14:58, 10 September 2012
Adverbs in Gaelic can be formed by using the inflectional morpheme 'gu,' or can follow a preposition. However, many Adverbs in Gaelic are non-inflected, and thus occur as fixed phrases.
Contents
Formation
Adverbs with 'gu'
Largest Group, Adjvective + gu = adverb
Thuirt Seamus ris gu fuar say-PAST Seamus to him ADV cold 'Seamus said coldly.'
Adverbs Formed using Prepositions
| air èiginn | 'with difficulty' | air chall | 'lost' |
| fa sgaoil | 'in dispersed fashion' | air seòl | 'sailing' |
| an làthair | 'present' | aur iteal | 'flying' |
Intesifiers
Adverbs can be intensified using "glè" (very), and "ro"'extremely:
mòr → gu mòr → gu glè mòr 'great' → 'greatly' → 'very greatly'
Thuirt Seamus ris gu glè fuar say-PAST Seamus to him ADV very cold 'Seamus said very coldly.'
Time Adverbs
Present
| an ceart-uair | 'just now' | a-nochd | 'tonight' |
| a-nis(d) | 'now (contrastive)' | am bliadhna | 'this year' |
| an-dràsda | 'now' | an-diugh | 'today' |
Past
| an-dè | 'yesterday' | a-bhòn-dè | 'day before yesterday' |
| an uiridh | 'last year' | an-raoir | 'last night' |
| a-bhòn-raoir | 'now' | Mar-thà/Mu-thrath | 'already' |
Future
| an eara(i)r | 'day after tomorrow' | gu sìorraidh | 'for eternity' |
| a-màireach | 'tomorrow' | an ath-bliadhna | 'next year' |
| an ath-oidhch | 'tomorrow night' | tuilleadh | 'forever' |
Indefinite
| an còmhnaidh | 'always' | greis | 'for a while' |
| uaireannan | 'sometimes' | fhathast | 'still/yet' |
| uaireigin | 'sometime' |
Direction and Location
| Location | Movement | English |
|---|---|---|
| "shuas" | "suas" | 'up' |
| "shìos" | "sìos" | 'down' |
| "a-bhos" | "a-nall" | 'over here |
| "thall" | "a-null" | 'over there' |
Degree
Amplification, Emphasis, downtoning, and Hedges
Amplifiers
| gu lèir | 'completely' |
| gu mòr | 'greatly' |
| direach | 'exactly' |
| glè | 'very' |
| ro | 'extremely' |
Emphatics
| gu dearbh | 'indeed' |
| gu deimhinne | 'with certaintly' |
| gun teagamh | 'without a doubt' |
Downtoners
| gu ìre | 'to an extent' |
| gu ìre bheag | 'to some extent' |
| an ìre mhath | 'sometimes' |
Hedgess
| cha mhòr | 'almost' |
| 's dòcha | 'perhaps' |
| ma dh 'fhaoidte | 'perhaps' |
