Ruig (irregular verb)

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The irregular verb ruig means "to reach" or "to arrive at". rach is one of 11 irregular verbs in Gaelic.

Uses

"ruig air" = afford

Summary of forms

  • Independent forms of the verb ruig are used without any particles.
  • Dependent forms of the verb ruig are used after an, nach, gun, "cha" and other verbal particles.


context independent Dependent
basic forms active past ràinig d'ràinig or do ràinig
Future ruigidh2 ruig
Relative Future --- ruigeas2
impersonal1 past ràinigeadh d'ràinigeadh or do ràinigeadh
future ruigear
relative future --- ruigear
Conditional Mood active ruigeadh2
(ruiginn1 in 1st sing)
(ruigeamaid1 in 1 pl)
impersonal ruigte
Imperative Mood 2nd person singular ruig ---
plural ruigibh1
verbal noun ruigsinn or ruighinn or ruigheachd

Notes:

  • 1 these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb (Pro-Drop)
  • 2 takes tu rather than thu in the 2nd person.

Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)

Active Voice

Past tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question embedded
1 ràinig mi an do ràinig mi cha do ràinig mi nach do ràinig mi gun do ràinig mi
2 ràinig thu an do ràinig thu cha do ràinig thu nach do ràinig thu gun do ràinig thu
3 masc ràinig e an do ràinig e cha do ràinig e nach do ràinig e gun do ràinig e
3 fem ràinig i an do ràinig i cha do ràinig i nach do ràinig i gun do ràinig i
1 pl ràinig sinn an do ràinig sinn cha do ràinig sinn nach do ràinig sinn gun do ràinig sinn
2 pl ràinig sibh an do ràinig sibh cha do ràinig sibh nach do ràinig sibh gun do ràinig sibh
3 pl ràinig iad an do ràinig iad cha do ràinig iad nach do ràinig iad gun do ràinig) iad


Present tense

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I say something") or a progressive meaning (I am saying something) is intended, the periphrastic construction is used with the present tense of the verb bi (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

Tha mi a' ruigsinn
be.pres 1s prog reach.vn
I'm reaching/I reach


Future tense

The future tense in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is habitual.

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question Relative Future1
1 thèid mi an tèid mi cha tèid mi nach tèid mi a thèid mi
2 thèid thu an tèid thu cha tèid thu nach tèid thu a thèid thu
3 masc thèid e an tèid e cha tèid e nach tèid e a thèid e
3 fem thèid i an tèid i cha tèid i nach tèid i a thèid i
1 pl thèid sinn an tèid sinn cha tèid sinn nach tèid sinn a thèid sinn
2 pl thèid sibh an tèid sibh cha tèid sibh nach tèid sibh a thèid sibh
3 pl thèid iad an tèid iad cha tèid iad nach tèid iad a thèid iad

Note:

  1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as ma or the particle used with questions a.



Impersonal/Passive Voice

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a Passive verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a periphrastic construction using the verbs Rach or Tha + the passive marker air. It does, however, have an impersonal form. The Impersonal is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. Rachar

Since go is an intransitive verb you'll never find these forms with a pronoun

Past tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
rachar
chaidheas
an d'rachar
an deachas
cha d'rachar
cha deachas
nach d'rachar
nach deachas


Present tense

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. We leave this blank here.


Future tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question Relative Future1
thèidear an tèidear chan tèidear nach tèidear a thèidear

Notes

  1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as a the particle used with questions, or ma "if".


Conditional Mood

Active

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
1 rachainn1 an rachainn cha rachainn nach rachainn
2 rachadh tu2 an rachadh tu cha rachadh tu nach rachadh tu
3 masc rachadh e an rachadh e cha rachadh e nach rachadh e
3 fem rachadh i an abradh i cha rachadh i nach rachadh i
1 pl rachadh sinn (rachamaid3) an rachadh sinn (an rachamaid3) cha rachadh sinn (cha rachamaid3) nach rachadh sinn (nach rachamaid3)
2 pl rachadh sibh an rachadh sibh cha rachadh sibh nach rachadh sibh
3 pl rachadh iad an rachadh iad cha rachadh iad nach rachadh iad

Notes:

  1. The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
  2. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu
  3. The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.


passive

!Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
rachte
reighte
dheighte
an rachte
an d'reighte
an deighte
cha rachte
cha d'reighte
cha deighte
nach rachte
nach d'reighte
nach deighte


Imperative Mood

Rach is almost never used as the imperative of 'go'. Instead thalla (meaning "go away") is much more commonly used.

References

  • Black, Ronald (2006) Cothrom Ionnsachaidh Peebles: Self-published.
  • Byrne, Michel (2002) Gràmar na Gàidhlig. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
  • Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
  • Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
  • Mark, Colin (2006), Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
  • Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa