Difference between revisions of "Verb Inflection"

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==Past Tense==
 
==Past Tense==
  
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|tog
 
|tog
 
|thog
 
|thog
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|lifted
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===In Negatives, Questions and Embedded Clauses==
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In negatives, questions and declarative embedded clauses, the verb takes its [[Dependent (definition)|dependent]] form. In the past tense the dependent form is usually identical to the normal past, but preceded by the particle ''do''. ''Do'' is required in formal speech and in prescriptive writing but is often left out in rapid speech. Some dialects (e.g. Lewis) tend to leave the particle off more frequently.
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{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
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!Past Tense
 +
!Question
 +
!Negation
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!Negative Question
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!Embedded clause
 +
!English
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|-
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|phòg
 +
|an do phòg
 +
|cha do phòg
 +
|nach do phòg
 +
|gun do phòg
 +
|kissed
 +
|-
 +
|dh'obair
 +
|an do dh'obair
 +
|cha do dh'obair
 +
|nach do dh'obair
 +
|gun do dh'obair
 +
|worked
 +
|-
 +
|shabaid
 +
|an do shabaid
 +
|cha do shabaid
 +
|nach do shabaid
 +
|gun do shabaid
 +
|fought
 +
|-
 +
|sheas
 +
|an do sheas
 +
|cha do sheas
 +
|nach do sheas
 +
|gun do sheas
 +
|sat
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|-
 +
|thog
 +
|an do thog
 +
|cha do thog
 +
|nach do thog
 +
|gun do thog
 
|lifted
 
|lifted
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 08:44, 17 September 2009

Past Tense

Declarative

With regular verbs in declarative context, the past tense is formed by leniting the first consonant of the imperative. With vowel initial forms, one prefixes an orthographic <dh'> (pronounced as [ɣ] before broad vowels and [j] before slender ones)

Imperative Past Tense English
pòg! phòg kissed
obair! dh'obair worked
sabaid! shabaid fought
seas! sheas sat
tog thog lifted

=In Negatives, Questions and Embedded Clauses

In negatives, questions and declarative embedded clauses, the verb takes its dependent form. In the past tense the dependent form is usually identical to the normal past, but preceded by the particle do. Do is required in formal speech and in prescriptive writing but is often left out in rapid speech. Some dialects (e.g. Lewis) tend to leave the particle off more frequently.

Past Tense Question Negation Negative Question Embedded clause English
phòg an do phòg cha do phòg nach do phòg gun do phòg kissed
dh'obair an do dh'obair cha do dh'obair nach do dh'obair gun do dh'obair worked
shabaid an do shabaid cha do shabaid nach do shabaid gun do shabaid fought
sheas an do sheas cha do sheas nach do sheas gun do sheas sat
thog an do thog cha do thog nach do thog gun do thog lifted

References

Fisher, Muriel (2004) Scottish Gaelic Level 2. Each-Mara Productions.