Difference between revisions of "Faigh (irregular verb)"

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The irregular verb ''Faigh'' means "to get". ''Faigh'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic.  
 
The irregular verb ''Faigh'' means "to get". ''Faigh'' is one of 11 [[:Category:Irregular Verb|irregular verbs]] in Gaelic.  
−
FIX FIX FIX It uses an irregular [[Suppletion (definition)|suppletive]] form in the simple [[Past tense (definition)|past]] and the [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] past. These forms (along with the active [[Relative future tense (definition)|relative future]]), and active [[Conditional mood (definition)|conditional]] irregularly require that when using a [[Person (definition)|2nd person]] [[Singular (definition)|singular]] (you), that the pronoun surfaces as ''tu'' instead of ''thu''. FIX FIX FIX
 
−
 
  
 
==Summary  of forms==
 
==Summary  of forms==
  
 
*Independent forms of the verb ''Faigh'' are used without any particles.
 
*Independent forms of the verb ''Faigh'' are used without any particles.
−
*Dependent forms of the verb ''faigh'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'' and other verbal particles (except ''cha'').
+
*Dependent forms of the verb ''faigh'' are used after ''an'', ''nach'', ''gun'' and other verbal particles.
−
*Cha takes dependent forms but [[Lenition|lenites]] the verb.
 
  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"  
−
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!After Cha||Dependent
+
!colspan="3"|context!!independent!!After Cha(n)||Dependent
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
−
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past<sup>1</sup>
+
!rowspan="6"|basic forms!!rowspan="3"|active!!past
−
|colspan="2"|fuair
+
|colspan="2"|fhuair
 
|d'fhuair  
 
|d'fhuair  
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!Future
 
!Future
−
|X
+
|gheibh
−
|X
+
|fhaigh
−
|X
+
|faigh
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
−
!Relative Future<sup>1</sup>
+
!Relative Future
−
|colspan="2"|---||X
+
|colspan="2"|---||gheibh
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
−
!rowspan="3"|impersonal<sup>1</sup>!!past
+
!rowspan="3"|impersonal!!past
−
|colspan="2"|X (chualadh)
+
| fhuaras/fhuaradh
−
|X
+
|colspan="2"|d'fhuaras
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!future
 
!future
−
|X
+
|gheibhear
−
|X
+
|fhaighear
−
|rowspan="2"|X
+
|faighear
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!relative future
 
!relative future
 
|colspan="2"|---
 
|colspan="2"|---
 +
|gheibhear
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
 
!rowspan="2"|Conditional Mood!!colspan="2"|active
−
|colspan="2"|X (X<sup>2</sup> in 1st singular)
+
|gheibheadh<sup>1</sup><br>(gheibhinn<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(gheibheamaid<sup>2</sup> in 1st pl)
−
|cluinneadh  (X<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)
+
|fhaigheadh<sup>1</sup><br> (fhaighinn<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(fhaigheamaid<sup>2</sup> in 1st pl)
 +
|faigheadh<sup>1</sup><br> (faighinn<sup>2</sup> in 1st sing)<br>(faigheamaid<sup>2</sup> in 1st pl)
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!colspan="2"|impersonal
 
!colspan="2"|impersonal
−
|colspan="2"|X 
+
|gheibhte
−
|X
+
|fhaighte
 +
|faighte
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!rowspan="5"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|1st person!!singular
 
!rowspan="5"|Imperative Mood!!rowspan="2"|1st person!!singular
−
|X<sup>2</sup>||colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
+
|faigheam<sup>2,3</sup>
 +
|colspan="2" rowspan="8"|---
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!plural
 
!plural
−
|X<sup>2</sup>
+
|faigheamaid<sup>2,3</sup>
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
 
!rowspan="2"|2nd person!!singular
−
|X<sup>2</sup>
+
|faigh<sup>2</sup>
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!plural
 
!plural
−
|X<sup>2</sup>
+
|faighibh<sup>2</sup>
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!colspan="2"|3rd person
 
!colspan="2"|3rd person
−
|X
+
|faigheadh e, i, iad<sup>3</sup>
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
 
!colspan="3"|verbal noun
−
|X
+
|faighinn/faotainn
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notes:
 
Notes:
 
*<sup>1</sup> with the past tense, relative future and impersonal forms of this verb, the pronoun ''tu'' is used instead of ''thu''
 
*<sup>1</sup> with the past tense, relative future and impersonal forms of this verb, the pronoun ''tu'' is used instead of ''thu''
 
*<sup>2</sup> these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])
 
*<sup>2</sup> these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb ([[Pro-Drop]])
 +
*<sup>3</sup> extremely rare/archaic.
  
 
==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
 
==Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)==
Line 77: Line 79:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|Fhuair thu ||an d'fhuair tu ||cha d'fhuair tu||nach d'fhuair tu||gun d'fhuair tu
+
|Fhuair thu ||an d'fhuair tu ||cha d'fhuair thu||nach d'fhuair thu||gun d'fhuair thu
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
Line 92: Line 94:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|Fhuair iad||an d'fhuair iad||cha d'fhuair iad||nach d'fhuair iad||gun d'fhuair iAd
+
|Fhuair iad||an d'fhuair iad||cha d'fhuair iad||nach d'fhuair iad||gun d'fhuair iad
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 110: Line 112:
 
====Future tense====
 
====Future tense====
  
−
The [[Future tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[habitual]].
+
The [[Future Tense (definition)|future tense]] in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is [[Habitual Aspect (definition)|habitual]].
  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
Line 116: Line 118:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1
 
! 1
−
|X mi ||an X mi ||cha X mi||nach X mi||a X mi  
+
|gheibh mi ||am faigh mi ||chan fhaigh mi||nach faigh mi||a gheibh mi  
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|X thu ||an X thu ||cha X thu||nach X thu||a X tu<sup>2</sup>
+
|gheibh thu ||am faigh thu ||chan fhaigh thu||nach faigh thu||a gheibh thu
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|X e||an X e||cha X e||nach X e||a X e
+
|gheibh e||am faigh e||chan fhaigh e||nach faigh e||a gheibh e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|X i||an X i||cha X i||nach cluinn i ||a X i
+
|gheibh i||am faigh i||chan fhaigh i||nach faigh i ||a gheibh i
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1 pl
 
! 1 pl
−
|C sinn ||an X sinn ||cha X sinn||nach X sinn||a X sinn
+
|gheibh sinn ||am faigh sinn ||chan fhaigh sinn||nach faigh sinn||a gheibh sinn
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2 pl
 
!2 pl
−
|X sibh ||an X sibh ||cha X sibh||nach X sibh||a X sibh
+
|gheibh sibh ||am faigh sibh ||chan fhaigh sibh||nach faigh sibh||a gheibh sibh
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|X iad||an X iad||cha X iad||nach X iad||a X iad
+
|gheibh iad||am faigh iad||chan fhaigh iad||nach faigh iad||a gheibh iad
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
Note:
 
Note:
 
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.
 
# the relative future is  used after certain particles such as ''ma'' or the particle used with questions ''a''.
−
# Note that in the relative future the pronoun ''tu'' is used in lieu of ''thu''.
 
−
 
  
 
----
 
----
  
 
===Impersonal/Passive Voice===
 
===Impersonal/Passive Voice===
−
FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX
 
  
−
Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic]] construction using the verbs ''Rach'' or ''Tha'' + the passive marker ''air''. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. ''Chualas''  can be best translated as "someone heard". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "Chualas" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "chualas mi" means "Someone heard me".  This is often translated as "I was heard", hence the typical "passive" label.
 
  
−
Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling [[Modern Irish]]), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was heard, not the hearer).
+
Gaelic verbs don't technically have a [[Passive (definition)|Passive]] verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic]] construction using the verbs ''Rach'' or ''Tha'' + the passive marker ''air''. It does, however, have an [[Impersonal (definition)|impersonal]] form. The '''Impersonal''' is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. ''fhuaras''  can be best translated as "someone got". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "fhuaras" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "fhuaras mi" means "Someone got me".  This is often translated as "I was got", hence the typical "passive" label.
 +
 
 +
Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling [[Modern Irish]]), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was got, not the getter).
  
 
====Past tense====
 
====Past tense====
−
 
−
FIX FIX FIX -- DON"T USE THESE FORMS THEY ARE FOR THE WRONG VERB THIS TABLE IS JSUT HERE AS A PLACE HOLDER
 
  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
Line 159: Line 157:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1
 
! 1
−
|chualas mi ||an cualas mi ||cha chualas mi||nach cualas mi
+
|fhuaras mi ||an d'fhuaras mi ||cha d'fhuaras mi||nach d'fhuaras mi
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|chualas tu<sup>1</sup> ||an cualas tu ||cha chualas tu||nach cualas tu
+
|fhuaras tu<sup>1</sup> ||an d'fhuaras tu ||cha d'fhuaras tu||nach d'fhuaras tu
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|chualas e||an cualas e||cha chualas e||nach cualas e
+
|fhuaras e||an d'fhuaras e||cha d'fhuaras e||nach d'fhuaras e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|chualas i||an cualas i||cha chualas i||nach cualas i  
+
|fhuaras i||an d'fhuaras i||cha d'fhuaras i||nach d'fhuaras i  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1 pl
 
! 1 pl
−
|chualas sinn ||an cualas sinn ||cha chualas sinn||nach cualas sinn
+
|fhuaras sinn ||an d'fhuaras sinn ||cha d'fhuaras sinn||nach d'fhuaras sinn
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2 pl
 
!2 pl
−
|chualas sibh ||an cualas sibh ||cha chualas sibh||nach cualas sibh
+
|fhuaras sibh ||an d'fhuaras sibh ||cha d'fhuaras sibh||nach d'fhuaras sibh
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|chualas iad||an cualas iad||cha chualas iad||nach cualas iad
+
|fhuaras iad||an d'fhuaras iad||cha d'fhuaras iad||nach d'fhuaras iad
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notes:
 
Notes:
Line 187: Line 185:
  
 
:{|
 
:{|
−
|Tha||mi||air||cluinntinn
+
|Tha||mi||air||faighinn
 
|-
 
|-
−
|be.pres||1s||passive||hear.vn
+
|be.pres||1s||passive||got.vn
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="4"|"I am heard"
+
|colspan="4"|"I am got"
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
====Future tense====
 
====Future tense====
Line 201: Line 198:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1
 
! 1
−
|cluinnear mi ||an cluinnear mi ||cha chluinnear mi||nach cluinnear mi||a chluinnear mi  
+
|gheibhear mi ||am faighear mi ||chan fhaighear mi||nach faighear mi||a gheibhear mi  
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|cluinnear thu ||an cluinnear thu ||cha chluinnear thu||nach cluinnear thu||a chluinnear thu  
+
|gheibhear thu ||am faighear thu ||chan fhaighear thu||nach faighear thu||a gheibhear thu  
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|cluinnear e||an cluinnear e||cha chluinnear e||nach cluinnear e||a chluinnear e
+
|gheibhear e||am faighear e||chan fhaighear e||nach faighear e||a gheibhear e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|cluinnear i||an cluinnear i||cha chluinnear i||nach cluinnear i ||a chluinnear i
+
|gheibhear i||am faighear i||chan fhaighear i||nach faighear i ||a gheibhear i
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1 pl
 
! 1 pl
−
|cluinnear sinn ||an cluinnear sinn ||cha chluinnear sinn||nach cluinnear sinn||a chluinnear sinn
+
|gheibhear sinn ||am faighear sinn ||chan fhaighear sinn||nach faighear sinn||a gheibhear sinn
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|cluinnear sibh ||an cluinnear sibh ||cha chluinnear sibh||nach cluinnear sibh||a chluinnear sibh
+
|gheibhear sibh ||am faighear sibh ||chan fhaighear sibh||nach faighear sibh||a gheibhear sibh
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|cluinnear iad||an cluinnear iad||cha chluinnear iad||nach cluinnear iad||a chluinnear iad
+
|gheibhear iad||am faighear iad||chan fhaighear iad||nach faighear iad||a gheibhear iad
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notes
 
Notes
Line 231: Line 228:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1
 
! 1
−
| chluinninn<sup>1</sup> ||an cluinninn ||cha chluinninn||nach cluinninn
+
| gheibhinn<sup>1</sup> ||am faighinn ||chan fhaighinn||nach faighinn
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|chluinneadh tu<sup>2</sup>||an cluinneadh tu ||cha chluinneadh tu||nach cluinneadh tu
+
|gheibheadh tu<sup>2</sup>||am faigheadh tu ||chan fhaigheadh tu||nach faigheadh tu
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|chluinneadh e||an cluinneadh e||cha chluinneadh e||nach cluinneadh e
+
|gheibheadh e||am faigheadh e||chan fhaigheadh e||nach faigheadh e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|chluinneadh i||an cluinneadh i||cha chluinneadh i||nach cluinneadh i  
+
|gheibheadh i||am faigheadh i||chan fhaigheadh i||nach faigheadh i  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1 pl
 
! 1 pl
−
|chluinneadh sinn (chluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||an cluinneadh sinn (an cluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||cha chluinneadh sinn (cha chluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)||nach cluinneadh sinn (nach cluinneamaid<sup>3</sup>)
+
|gheibheadh sinn (gheibheamaid<sup>3</sup>)||am faigheadh sinn (am faigheamaid<sup>3</sup>)||chan fhaigheadh sinn (chan fhaigheamaid<sup>3</sup>)||nach faigheadh sinn (nach faigheamaid<sup>3</sup>)
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2 pl
 
!2 pl
−
|chluinneadh sibh ||an cluinneadh sibh ||cha chluinneadh sibh||nach cluinneadh sibh
+
|gheibheadh sibh ||am faigheadh sibh ||chan fhaigheadh sibh||nach faigheadh sibh
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|chluinneadh iad||an cluinneadh iad||cha chluinneadh iad||nach cluinneadh iad
+
|gheibheadh iad||am faigheadh iad||chan fhaigheadh iad||nach faigheadh iad
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notes:
 
Notes:
Line 256: Line 253:
 
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.
 
#The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.
  
 +
====passive====
  
−
====passive====
+
The pronouns here are OBJECT pronouns, not subjects!! "I would be got" etc.
  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
Line 263: Line 261:
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1
 
! 1
−
| chluinnte mi||an cluinnte mi ||cha chluinnte mi||nach cluinnte mi
+
| gheibhte mi||am faighte mi ||chan fhaighte mi||nach faighte mi
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|chluinnte thu||an cluinnte thu ||cha chluinnte thu||nach cluinnte thu
+
|gheibhte thu||am faighte thu ||chan fhaighte thu||nach faighte thu
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|chluinnte e||an cluinnte e||cha chluinnte e||nach cluinnte e
+
|gheibhte e||am faighte e||chan fhaighte e||nach faighte e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|chluinnte i||an cluinnte i||cha chluinnte i||nach cluinnte i  
+
|gheibhte i||am faighte i||chan fhaighte i||nach faighte i  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! 1 pl
 
! 1 pl
−
|chluinnte sinn ||an cluinnte sinn ||cha chluinnte sinn||nach cluinnte sinn
+
|gheibhte sinn ||am faighte sinn ||chan fhaighte sinn||nach faighte sinn
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2 pl
 
!2 pl
−
|chluinnte sibh ||an cluinnte sibh ||cha chluinnte sibh||nach cluinnte sibh
+
|gheibhte sibh ||am faighte sibh ||chan fhaighte sibh||nach faighte sibh
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 pl
 
!3 pl
−
|chluinnte iad||an cluinnte iad||cha chluinnte iad||nach cluinnte iad
+
|gheibhte iad||am faighte iad||chan fhaighte iad||nach faighte iad
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
==Imperative Mood==
 
==Imperative Mood==
  
−
The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Hear!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me hear", "let us hear", "let he/she/them hear". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without [[Lenition|lenition]]
+
The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Get!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me get", "let us get", "let he/she/them get". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without [[Lenition|lenition]]
  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"  
 
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"  
Line 296: Line 292:
 
!rowspan="4"|singular
 
!rowspan="4"|singular
 
!1
 
!1
−
|cluinneam<sup>1</sup>
+
|faigheam<sup>1</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|cluinn<sup>1</sup>
+
|faigh<sup>1</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 masc
 
!3 masc
−
|cluinneadh e
+
|faigheadh e
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3 fem
 
!3 fem
−
|cluinneadh i
+
|faigheadh i
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="3"|plural
 
!rowspan="3"|plural
 
!1
 
!1
−
|cluinneamaid<sup>1</sup>
+
|faigheamaid<sup>1</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!2
 
!2
−
|cluinnibh<sup>1</sup>
+
|faighibh<sup>1</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!3
 
!3
−
|cluinneadh iad
+
|faigheadh iad
 
|}
 
|}
 
Notes
 
Notes
 
# The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.
 
# The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.
−
 
  
 
==[[References]]==
 
==[[References]]==

Latest revision as of 20:39, 30 July 2012

The irregular verb Faigh means "to get". Faigh is one of 11 irregular verbs in Gaelic.

Summary of forms

  • Independent forms of the verb Faigh are used without any particles.
  • Dependent forms of the verb faigh are used after an, nach, gun and other verbal particles.
context independent After Cha(n) Dependent
basic forms active past fhuair d'fhuair
Future gheibh fhaigh faigh
Relative Future --- gheibh
impersonal past fhuaras/fhuaradh d'fhuaras
future gheibhear fhaighear faighear
relative future --- gheibhear
Conditional Mood active gheibheadh1
(gheibhinn2 in 1st sing)
(gheibheamaid2 in 1st pl) 		fhaigheadh1
(fhaighinn2 in 1st sing)
(fhaigheamaid2 in 1st pl) 		faigheadh1
(faighinn2 in 1st sing)
(faigheamaid2 in 1st pl)
impersonal gheibhte fhaighte faighte
Imperative Mood 1st person singular faigheam2,3 ---
plural faigheamaid2,3
2nd person singular faigh2
plural faighibh2
3rd person faigheadh e, i, iad3
verbal noun faighinn/faotainn

Notes:

  • 1 with the past tense, relative future and impersonal forms of this verb, the pronoun tu is used instead of thu
  • 2 these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb (Pro-Drop)
  • 3 extremely rare/archaic.

Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)

Active Voice

Past tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question embedded
1 Fhuair mi an d'fhuair mi cha d'fhuair mi nach d'fhuair mi gun d'fhuair mi
2 Fhuair thu an d'fhuair tu cha d'fhuair thu nach d'fhuair thu gun d'fhuair thu
3 masc Fhuair e an d'fhuair e cha d'fhuair e nach d'fhuair e gun d'fhuair e
3 fem Fhuair i an d'fhuair i cha d'fhuair i nach d'fhuair i gun d'fhuair i
1 pl Fhuair sinn an d'fhuair sinn cha d'fhuair sinn nach d'fhuair sinn gun d'fhuair sinn
2 pl Fhuair sibh an d'fhuair sibh cha d'fhuair sibh nach d'fhuair sibh gun d'fhuair sibh
3 pl Fhuair iad an d'fhuair iad cha d'fhuair iad nach d'fhuair iad gun d'fhuair iad

Present tense

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I get something") or a progressive meaning (I am getting something is intended, the periphrastic construction is used with the present tense of the verb bi (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

Tha mi a' faighinn
be.pres 1s prog get.vn
I'm getting/I get


Future tense

The future tense in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is habitual.

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question Relative Future1
1 gheibh mi am faigh mi chan fhaigh mi nach faigh mi a gheibh mi
2 gheibh thu am faigh thu chan fhaigh thu nach faigh thu a gheibh thu
3 masc gheibh e am faigh e chan fhaigh e nach faigh e a gheibh e
3 fem gheibh i am faigh i chan fhaigh i nach faigh i a gheibh i
1 pl gheibh sinn am faigh sinn chan fhaigh sinn nach faigh sinn a gheibh sinn
2 pl gheibh sibh am faigh sibh chan fhaigh sibh nach faigh sibh a gheibh sibh
3 pl gheibh iad am faigh iad chan fhaigh iad nach faigh iad a gheibh iad

Note:

  1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as ma or the particle used with questions a.

Impersonal/Passive Voice

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a Passive verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a periphrastic construction using the verbs Rach or Tha + the passive marker air. It does, however, have an impersonal form. The Impersonal is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. fhuaras can be best translated as "someone got". Use of a pronoun is completely optional. So "fhuaras" is a completely well-formed sentence. When used with a pronoun, the pronoun represents the logical object of the verb. So "fhuaras mi" means "Someone got me". This is often translated as "I was got", hence the typical "passive" label.

Since Gaelic doesn't distinguish between subject and object pronouns (unlike it's sibling Modern Irish), it is very difficult to determine if these pronouns are subjects or objects. We list them here as if they were subjects, with the understanding that the pronouns in the following tables represent the logical objects of the verb (the person who was got, not the getter).

Past tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
1 fhuaras mi an d'fhuaras mi cha d'fhuaras mi nach d'fhuaras mi
2 fhuaras tu1 an d'fhuaras tu cha d'fhuaras tu nach d'fhuaras tu
3 masc fhuaras e an d'fhuaras e cha d'fhuaras e nach d'fhuaras e
3 fem fhuaras i an d'fhuaras i cha d'fhuaras i nach d'fhuaras i
1 pl fhuaras sinn an d'fhuaras sinn cha d'fhuaras sinn nach d'fhuaras sinn
2 pl fhuaras sibh an d'fhuaras sibh cha d'fhuaras sibh nach d'fhuaras sibh
3 pl fhuaras iad an d'fhuaras iad cha d'fhuaras iad nach d'fhuaras iad

Notes:

  1. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu

Present tense

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. But if forced, one would use a passive periphrastic construction using the present tense of the verb bi followed by the derived subject followed by air and finally the verb in verbal noun form:

Tha mi air faighinn
be.pres 1s passive got.vn
"I am got"

Future tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question Relative Future1
1 gheibhear mi am faighear mi chan fhaighear mi nach faighear mi a gheibhear mi
2 gheibhear thu am faighear thu chan fhaighear thu nach faighear thu a gheibhear thu
3 masc gheibhear e am faighear e chan fhaighear e nach faighear e a gheibhear e
3 fem gheibhear i am faighear i chan fhaighear i nach faighear i a gheibhear i
1 pl gheibhear sinn am faighear sinn chan fhaighear sinn nach faighear sinn a gheibhear sinn
2 gheibhear sibh am faighear sibh chan fhaighear sibh nach faighear sibh a gheibhear sibh
3 pl gheibhear iad am faighear iad chan fhaighear iad nach faighear iad a gheibhear iad

Notes

  1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as a the particle used with questions, or ma "if".

Conditional Mood

Active

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
1 gheibhinn1 am faighinn chan fhaighinn nach faighinn
2 gheibheadh tu2 am faigheadh tu chan fhaigheadh tu nach faigheadh tu
3 masc gheibheadh e am faigheadh e chan fhaigheadh e nach faigheadh e
3 fem gheibheadh i am faigheadh i chan fhaigheadh i nach faigheadh i
1 pl gheibheadh sinn (gheibheamaid3) am faigheadh sinn (am faigheamaid3) chan fhaigheadh sinn (chan fhaigheamaid3) nach faigheadh sinn (nach faigheamaid3)
2 pl gheibheadh sibh am faigheadh sibh chan fhaigheadh sibh nach faigheadh sibh
3 pl gheibheadh iad am faigheadh iad chan fhaigheadh iad nach faigheadh iad

Notes:

  1. The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
  2. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu
  3. The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.

passive

The pronouns here are OBJECT pronouns, not subjects!! "I would be got" etc.

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
1 gheibhte mi am faighte mi chan fhaighte mi nach faighte mi
2 gheibhte thu am faighte thu chan fhaighte thu nach faighte thu
3 masc gheibhte e am faighte e chan fhaighte e nach faighte e
3 fem gheibhte i am faighte i chan fhaighte i nach faighte i
1 pl gheibhte sinn am faighte sinn chan fhaighte sinn nach faighte sinn
2 pl gheibhte sibh am faighte sibh chan fhaighte sibh nach faighte sibh
3 pl gheibhte iad am faighte iad chan fhaighte iad nach faighte iad

Imperative Mood

The Imperative mood is used when giving a command. 2nd person imperatives are the most common. In English these are translated with by just the verb "Get!". 1st and 3rd person imperatives translated loosely as "Let me get", "let us get", "let he/she/them get". The 1st person plural and third person imperatives are the same as the conditional forms except without lenition

person form
singular 1 faigheam1
2 faigh1
3 masc faigheadh e
3 fem faigheadh i
plural 1 faigheamaid1
2 faighibh1
3 faigheadh iad

Notes

  1. The 1st and 2nd person forms are used without subject pronouns.

References

  • Black, Ronald (2006) Cothrom Ionnsachaidh Peebles: Self-published.
  • Byrne, Michel (2002) Gràmar na Gàidhlig. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
  • Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
  • Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
  • Mark, Colin (2006), Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
  • Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa
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