Difference between revisions of "Gu (preposition)"
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[[Category: Lexical Item]] | [[Category: Lexical Item]] | ||
[[Category: Preposition]] | [[Category: Preposition]] | ||
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*''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]'' | *''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]'' | ||
| − | Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly " | + | Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly "until" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following [[Indefinite (definition)|indefinite]] nouns. |
==Simple forms== | ==Simple forms== | ||
| − | *bare form: '' | + | *bare form: ''gu<sup>L</sup>'' 'up to a' |
| − | *definite form: '' | + | *definite form: ''chun<sup>L</sup>'' 'up to the' (or more archaically, thun) |
==Basic inflected forms== | ==Basic inflected forms== | ||
| − | Like most prepositions, '' | + | Like most prepositions, ''gu'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''thugam''. The forms beginning with ''ch'' are rarely used anymore. |
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>(th)ugam/chugam<TD>(th)ugainn/chugainn |
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>(th)ugad/chugad<TD>(th)ugaibh/chugaibh |
| − | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> | + | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>(th)uige/chuige<TD rowspan="2">(th)uca/chuca |
| − | <TR><TH>Fem<TD> | + | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>(th)uice/chuice |
</TABLE> | </TABLE> | ||
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<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>thugam-sa<TD>thugainn-ne |
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>thugad-sa/dhuit-sa<TD>thugaibh-se |
| − | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> | + | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>thuige-san<TD rowspan="2">thuca-san |
| − | <TR><TH>Fem<TD> | + | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>thuice-se |
</TABLE> | </TABLE> | ||
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<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH> | + | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH><TD>dha<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2"><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH>Fem<TD> | + | <TR><TH>Fem<TD><sup>H</sup> |
</TABLE> | </TABLE> | ||
| − | |||
===Unlenited Contracted forms=== | ===Unlenited Contracted forms=== | ||
<TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD><sup>L</sup><TD><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> | + | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD><sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2"><sup>N</sup> |
| − | <TR><TH>Fem<TD> | + | <TR><TH>Fem<TD><sup>H</sup> |
</TABLE> | </TABLE> | ||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:47, 3 August 2012
- for a complete list of prepositions see Prepositions
Gaelic preposition, meaning roughly "until" or "to". It governs the dative case, and triggers lenition on following indefinite nouns.
Contents
Simple forms
- bare form: guL 'up to a'
- definite form: chunL 'up to the' (or more archaically, thun)
Basic inflected forms
Like most prepositions, gu can be inflected for person, number, and gender. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word thugam. The forms beginning with ch are rarely used anymore.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | (th)ugam/chugam | (th)ugainn/chugainn | |
| 2nd | (th)ugad/chugad | (th)ugaibh/chugaibh | |
| 3rd | Masc | (th)uige/chuige | (th)uca/chuca |
| Fem | (th)uice/chuice | ||
Emphatic Inflected forms
Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on ME")
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | thugam-sa | thugainn-ne | |
| 2nd | thugad-sa/dhuit-sa | thugaibh-se | |
| 3rd | Masc | thuige-san | thuca-san |
| Fem | thuice-se | ||
Possessive inflected forms:
There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and the other is not
Uncontracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | do moL | do arN | |
| 2nd | do doL | do urN | |
| 3rd | Masc | do aL | do anN |
| Fem | do aH | ||
do am is used instead of do an "to their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
Lenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | L | N | |
| 2nd | L | N | |
| 3rd | dhaL | N | |
| Fem | H | ||
Unlenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | L | N | |
| 2nd | L | N | |
| 3rd | Masc | L | N |
| Fem | H | ||
References
Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
Notes
In this document, as elsewhere, L indicates lenition and N indicates eclipsis, (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and H indicates antilenition (the prefixation of h before words beginning with vowels).
