Difference between revisions of "O (preposition)"
From Scottish Gaelic Grammar Wiki
AndrewCarnie (talk | contribs) (→Contracted forms (typically used in speech)) |
|||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Gaelic [[preposition]], meaning roughly "from". It can also mean "since". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on the following noun. | Gaelic [[preposition]], meaning roughly "from". It can also mean "since". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on the following noun. | ||
| − | + | *''For other prepositions see [[prepositions]]'' | |
| − | + | *''see also [[Bho (preposition)]]'' | |
| − | |||
| − | bare form: o | + | ==Simple forms== |
| − | definite form: on 'from the' | + | |
| + | bare form: ''o<sup>L</sup>'' 'from/from a' | ||
| + | definite form: ''on'' 'from the' | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
Like most prepositions, ''o'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "from me", we use the single word ''uam''. | Like most prepositions, ''o'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "from me", we use the single word ''uam''. | ||
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>uam<TD>uainn | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>uam<TD>uainn | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>uaithe<TD rowspan="2">uapa | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>uaithe<TD rowspan="2">uapa | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>uaipe | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>uaipe | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| + | |||
| − | + | ==Emphatic Inflected forms== | |
| − | Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. bhuamsa "from | + | Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. bhuamsa "from ME") |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>uamsa<TD>uainne | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>uamsa<TD>uainne | ||
| Line 32: | Line 34: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>uaithe-san<TD rowspan="2">uapasan | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>uaithe-san<TD rowspan="2">uapasan | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>uaipse | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>uaipse | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| + | |||
| − | + | ==Possessive inflected forms:== | |
| − | There are two kinds of forms used when we want to use a preposition with a [[ | + | There are two kinds of forms used when we want to use a preposition with a [[Possessive Pronoun (definition)|possessive pronoun]]. The first form is found primarily in writing, the reduced form is used in speech. |
| − | ==Full forms ( | + | ===Full forms (traditionally used in writing)=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>o mo<sup>L</sup><TD>o ar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>o mo<sup>L</sup><TD>o ar<sup>N</sup> | ||
| Line 47: | Line 50: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>o a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">o an<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>o a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">o an<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>bho a<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>bho a<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | '' | + | ''am'' is used instead of ''an'' "their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial (definition)|labial]] [[consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki> |
| − | ==Contracted forms (typically used in speech)== | + | ===Contracted forms (typically used in speech)=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>om<sup>L</sup><TD>o ar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>om<sup>L</sup><TD>o ar<sup>N</sup> | ||
| Line 58: | Line 61: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> o a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">o an<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> o a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">o an<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>o a<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>o a<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | '' | + | ''am'' is used instead of ''an'' "their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial (definition)|labial]] [[consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | Mark, Colin (2004) | + | Mark, Colin (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge |
| + | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| − | In this document, as elsewhere, | + | In this document, as elsewhere, <sup>L</sup> indicates [[lenition]] and <sup>N</sup> indicates [[eclipsis]], (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and <sup>H</sup> indicates [[Antilenition]] (the prefixation of <h> before words beginning with vowels). |
[[Category: Lexical Item]] | [[Category: Lexical Item]] | ||
| + | [[Category: Preposition]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:10, 17 May 2009
Gaelic preposition, meaning roughly "from". It can also mean "since". It governs the dative case, and triggers lenition on the following noun.
- For other prepositions see prepositions
- see also Bho (preposition)
Contents
Simple forms
bare form: oL 'from/from a' definite form: on 'from the'
Basic inflected forms
Like most prepositions, o can be inflected for person, number, and gender. For example, to say "from me", we use the single word uam.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | uam | uainn | |
| 2nd | uat | uaibh | |
| 3rd | Masc | uaithe | uapa |
| Fem | uaipe | ||
Emphatic Inflected forms
Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. bhuamsa "from ME")
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | uamsa | uainne | |
| 2nd | uatsa | uaibhse | |
| 3rd | Masc | uaithe-san | uapasan |
| Fem | uaipse | ||
Possessive inflected forms:
There are two kinds of forms used when we want to use a preposition with a possessive pronoun. The first form is found primarily in writing, the reduced form is used in speech.
Full forms (traditionally used in writing)
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | o moL | o arN | |
| 2nd | o doL | o bhurN | |
| 3rd | Masc | o aL | o anN |
| Fem | bho aH | ||
am is used instead of an "their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
Contracted forms (typically used in speech)
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | omL | o arN | |
| 2nd | odL | o 'urN | |
| 3rd | Masc | o aL | o anN |
| Fem | o aH | ||
am is used instead of an "their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
References
Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
Notes
In this document, as elsewhere, L indicates lenition and N indicates eclipsis, (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and H indicates Antilenition (the prefixation of <h> before words beginning with vowels).
