Difference between revisions of "Aspect"

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== Aspect in Scottish Gaelic ==
 
== Aspect in Scottish Gaelic ==
  
−
Aspect takes two forms in Scottish Gaelic: Grammatical or Viewpoint aspect and Lexical aspect or ''Aktionsart''. Viewpoint aspect gives a picture of the flow or architecture of the time of the situation expressed by the proposition. ''Aktionsart'' is inherent to [[verb (definition)|verbs]] or [[verb phrases]] and describes the inherent structure of the eventuality of the proposition in terms of endpoints ([[telicity (definition)|telicity]]) and duration (punctualness/durativity), etc.
+
Aspect takes two forms in Scottish Gaelic: (1) Grammatical or Viewpoint aspect and (2) Lexical aspect or ''Aktionsart''. Viewpoint aspect gives a picture of the flow or architecture of the time of the situation expressed by the proposition. ''Aktionsart'' is inherent to [[verb (definition)|verbs]] or [[verb phrases]] and describes the inherent structure of the eventuality of the proposition in terms of endpoints ([[telicity (definition)|telicity]]) and duration (punctualness/durativity), etc.
 +
 
 +
==Progressive aspect==
 +
:{|
 +
|Bha
 +
|Iain
 +
|ag
 +
|ithe
 +
|an
 +
|arain.
 +
|-
 +
|be.pst
 +
|John
 +
|prog
 +
|eat.vn
 +
|the
 +
|bread.gen
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John was eating the bread/John was at the eating of the bread.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Perfective aspect==
 +
::{|
 +
|Tha
 +
|Iain
 +
|air
 +
|an
 +
|t-aran
 +
|ithe.
 +
|-
 +
|be.pres
 +
|John
 +
|perf
 +
|the
 +
|bread.dat
 +
|eat.vn
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John has eaten the bread.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Bha
 +
|Iain
 +
|air
 +
|an
 +
|t-aran
 +
|ithe.
 +
|-
 +
|be.pres
 +
|John
 +
|perf
 +
|the
 +
|bread.dat
 +
|eat.vn
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John had eaten the bread.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Bidh
 +
|Iain
 +
|air
 +
|an
 +
|t-aran
 +
|ithe.
 +
|-
 +
|be.fut
 +
|John
 +
|perf
 +
|the
 +
|bread.dat
 +
|eat.vn
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John will have eaten the bread.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Prospective aspect==
 +
*Prospective aspect is used to express action which is about to happen in the immediate future. When modified by an adverb denoting a more remote time, it can express farther future as well.
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha
 +
|an
 +
|duine
 +
|gus
 +
|falbh.
 +
|-
 +
|be
 +
|the
 +
|man
 +
|towards
 +
|leave.vn
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'The man is about to leave.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha
 +
|an
 +
|duine
 +
|gus
 +
|e
 +
|fhèin
 +
|a
 +
|mharbhadh,
 +
|a-màireach.
 +
|-
 +
|be
 +
|the
 +
|man
 +
|towards
 +
|3ms
 +
|self
 +
|tran
 +
|kill.vn
 +
|tomorrow
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'The man is going to kill himself, tomorrow.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Combination of aspects==
 +
 
 +
*Perfective + progressive
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||air||a||bhith||a'||togail||an||taighe.
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||after||tran||be.vn||at||build.vn||the||house.gen
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John has been building the house.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*Prospective + progressive
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||gus||a||bhith||a'||togail||an||taighe.
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||towards||tran||be.vn||at||build.vn||the||house.gen
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John is going to be building the house.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*Perfective + prospective
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||air||a||bhith||gus||an||taigh||a||thogail||(o||chionn||bliadhna).
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||after||tran||be.vn||towards||the||house||tran||build.vn||from||occasion.dat||year.gen
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John has been about to build/complete the house (for a year).'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*Prospective + perfective
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||gus||a||bhith||air||an||taigh||a||thogail.
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||towards||tran||be.vn||after||the||house||tran||build.vn
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John has been about to have built the house.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*Perfective + prospective + progressive
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||air||a||bhith||gus||a||bhith||a'||togail||an||taighe.
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||after||tran||be.vn||towards||tran||be.vn||at||build.vn||the||house.gen
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John has been about to be building the house.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*Prospective + perfective + progressive
 +
 
 +
:{|
 +
|Tha||Iain||gus||a||bhith||air||a||bhith||a'||togail||an||taighe||dà||bhliaddhna.
 +
|-
 +
|be||John||towards||tran||be.vn||on||tran||be.vn||at||build.vn||the||house.gen||two||year
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2"| 'John is about to have been building the house for two years.'
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==External Links==
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect Grammatical aspect from Wikipedia]
  
 
*[[Grammatical (Viewpoint) Aspect]]
 
*[[Grammatical (Viewpoint) Aspect]]
  
 
*[[Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart)]]
 
*[[Lexical Aspect (Aktionsart)]]
 +
 
[[Category:Morphology]]
 
[[Category:Morphology]]
 
[[Category:Syntax]]
 
[[Category:Syntax]]
 
[[Category:Semantics]]
 
[[Category:Semantics]]
 
[[Category: Aspect]]
 
[[Category: Aspect]]

Latest revision as of 12:48, 21 June 2024

To see a definition of the terms used here see Aspect (definition)

Aspect in Scottish Gaelic

Aspect takes two forms in Scottish Gaelic: (1) Grammatical or Viewpoint aspect and (2) Lexical aspect or Aktionsart. Viewpoint aspect gives a picture of the flow or architecture of the time of the situation expressed by the proposition. Aktionsart is inherent to verbs or verb phrases and describes the inherent structure of the eventuality of the proposition in terms of endpoints (telicity) and duration (punctualness/durativity), etc.

Progressive aspect

Bha Iain ag ithe an arain.
be.pst John prog eat.vn the bread.gen
'John was eating the bread/John was at the eating of the bread.'

Perfective aspect

Tha Iain air an t-aran ithe.
be.pres John perf the bread.dat eat.vn
'John has eaten the bread.'
Bha Iain air an t-aran ithe.
be.pres John perf the bread.dat eat.vn
'John had eaten the bread.'
Bidh Iain air an t-aran ithe.
be.fut John perf the bread.dat eat.vn
'John will have eaten the bread.'

Prospective aspect

  • Prospective aspect is used to express action which is about to happen in the immediate future. When modified by an adverb denoting a more remote time, it can express farther future as well.
Tha an duine gus falbh.
be the man towards leave.vn
'The man is about to leave.'
Tha an duine gus e fhèin a mharbhadh, a-màireach.
be the man towards 3ms self tran kill.vn tomorrow
'The man is going to kill himself, tomorrow.'

Combination of aspects

  • Perfective + progressive
Tha Iain air a bhith a' togail an taighe.
be John after tran be.vn at build.vn the house.gen
'John has been building the house.'
  • Prospective + progressive
Tha Iain gus a bhith a' togail an taighe.
be John towards tran be.vn at build.vn the house.gen
'John is going to be building the house.'
  • Perfective + prospective
Tha Iain air a bhith gus an taigh a thogail (o chionn bliadhna).
be John after tran be.vn towards the house tran build.vn from occasion.dat year.gen
'John has been about to build/complete the house (for a year).'
  • Prospective + perfective
Tha Iain gus a bhith air an taigh a thogail.
be John towards tran be.vn after the house tran build.vn
'John has been about to have built the house.'
  • Perfective + prospective + progressive
Tha Iain air a bhith gus a bhith a' togail an taighe.
be John after tran be.vn towards tran be.vn at build.vn the house.gen
'John has been about to be building the house.'
  • Prospective + perfective + progressive
Tha Iain gus a bhith air a bhith a' togail an taighe dà bhliaddhna.
be John towards tran be.vn on tran be.vn at build.vn the house.gen two year
'John is about to have been building the house for two years.'

External Links

Grammatical aspect from Wikipedia

Retrieved from "https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php?title=Aspect&oldid=5045"