Difference between revisions of "Vocative Case"

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(=Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing e)
(Nouns that form the genitive by attenuation)
 
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*''for a definition of Vocative Case, see [[Vocative Case (definition)]]''
 
*''for a definition of Vocative Case, see [[Vocative Case (definition)]]''
  
The vocative case is used when you are calling someone (or more rarely something) by name. In Gaelic, the vocative is formed by preceding the noun with the particle ''a<sup>L</sup>'' (the L is not typically written, it is provided here to indicate that it tirggers lenition). If the noun begins with a [[Vowel (definition)|vowel]], then the particle is omitted. If the noun is [[Masculine (definition)|masculine]] and ends in a [[Broad (definition)|broad]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonant]], then that consonant is [[Attenuation (definition)|attenuation]].  
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The vocative case is used when you are calling someone (or more rarely something) by name.
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==Proper Names==
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In Gaelic, the vocative is formed by preceding the noun with the particle ''a<sup>L</sup>'' (the L is not typically written, it is provided here to indicate that it tirggers lenition). If the noun begins with a [[Vowel (definition)|vowel]], then the particle is omitted. If the noun is [[Masculine (definition)|masculine]] and ends in a [[Broad (definition)|broad]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonant]], then that consonant is [[Attenuation (definition)|attenuated]].  
  
 
:{|border=1 cellpadding="7" rules="all" style="text-align:center"
 
:{|border=1 cellpadding="7" rules="all" style="text-align:center"
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:<small>Chart adapted from Fisher (2004)</small>
 
:<small>Chart adapted from Fisher (2004)</small>
  
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==Common Nouns==
 
===Nouns that form the genitive by attenuation===
 
===Nouns that form the genitive by attenuation===
'''''singular''''''
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'''''singular'''''
  
 
vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun; Make the final consonant slender
 
vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun; Make the final consonant slender
 
*balach --> a bhalaich
 
*balach --> a bhalaich
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'''''plural'''''
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, Use the genitive plural (often identical to the nominative singular), and suffix an -a
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*a bhalacha
  
 
===Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing e===
 
===Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing e===
 
'''''singular'''''
 
'''''singular'''''
  
vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common singular
 
*cas --> a chas
 
*cas --> a chas
  
===Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing a==
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'''''plural'''''
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun,  otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common plural
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===Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing a===
 
'''''singular'''''
 
'''''singular'''''
  
 
vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same
 
vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same
 
*feoil --> a fheoil
 
*feoil --> a fheoil
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'''''plural'''''
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun,  otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common plural
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===Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing a consonant (-d, -n, -ach etc)===
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'''''singular'''''
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same
 +
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'''''plural'''''
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vocative prefixes ''a'', which lenites the noun,  drop the consonant ending of the common plural
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*litrichean --> a litriche
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==See Also==
 
==See Also==
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==References==
 
==References==
 
*Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: Level 1''. Seattle: Each-Mara Publications
 
*Fisher, Muriel (2004) ''Scottish Gaelic: Level 1''. Seattle: Each-Mara Publications
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*MacDonald, J.A. (1976) "'Gàidhlig Bheo, vol 3''. National Extension College
  
 
[[Category: Morphology]]
 
[[Category: Morphology]]
 
[[Category: Syntax]]
 
[[Category: Syntax]]
 
[[Category: Case]]
 
[[Category: Case]]

Latest revision as of 20:29, 4 September 2012

The vocative case is used when you are calling someone (or more rarely something) by name.

Proper Names

In Gaelic, the vocative is formed by preceding the noun with the particle aL (the L is not typically written, it is provided here to indicate that it tirggers lenition). If the noun begins with a vowel, then the particle is omitted. If the noun is masculine and ends in a broad consonant, then that consonant is attenuated.

Gender Initial sound Way to Form Vocative Example
Masculine vowel attenuate Aonghais
consonant aL+attenuate a Sheumais
Feminine vowel none Anna
consonant aL a Mhàiri
Chart adapted from Fisher (2004)

Common Nouns

Nouns that form the genitive by attenuation

singular

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun; Make the final consonant slender

  • balach --> a bhalaich

plural

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, Use the genitive plural (often identical to the nominative singular), and suffix an -a

  • a bhalacha

Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing e

singular

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common singular

  • cas --> a chas

plural

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common plural

Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing a

singular

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same

  • feoil --> a fheoil

plural

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same as the common plural

Nouns that form the genitive by suffixing a consonant (-d, -n, -ach etc)

singular

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, otherwise the form of the noun is the same

plural

vocative prefixes a, which lenites the noun, drop the consonant ending of the common plural

  • litrichean --> a litriche


See Also

External Links

References

  • Fisher, Muriel (2004) Scottish Gaelic: Level 1. Seattle: Each-Mara Publications
  • MacDonald, J.A. (1976) "'Gàidhlig Bheo, vol 3. National Extension College