Difference between revisions of "Do (preposition)"
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[[Category: Lexical Item]] | [[Category: Lexical Item]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category: Preposition]] | |
| + | *''for other uses of ''do'' see [[Do (disambiguation)]]'' | ||
| + | *''for a complete list of prepositions see [[Prepositions]]'' | ||
| − | Gaelic [[preposition]], meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following indefinite nouns. | + | Gaelic [[Preposition (definition)|preposition]], meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the [[dative]] case, and triggers [[lenition]] on following [[Indefinite (definition)|indefinite]] nouns. |
| − | + | ==Simple forms== | |
| − | bare form: do | + | *bare form: ''do<sup>L</sup>'' 'to a' |
| − | definite form: don | + | *definite form: ''don<sup>L</sup>'' 'to the' |
| − | + | ==Basic inflected forms== | |
Like most prepositions, ''do'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''dhomh''. | Like most prepositions, ''do'' can be inflected for [[person]], [[number]], and [[gender]]. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word ''dhomh''. | ||
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhomh<TD>dhuinn | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhomh<TD>dhuinn | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhut<TD>dhuibh | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhut/dhuit<TD>dhuibh |
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhi | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhi | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | + | ==Emphatic Inflected forms== | |
| − | Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on | + | Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on ME") |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dhòmh-sa<TD>dhuinn-ne |
| − | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD> | + | <TR><TH colspan="2">2nd<TD>dhut-sa/dhuit-sa<TD>dhuibh-se |
| − | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD> | + | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dhà-san<TD rowspan="2">dhaibh-san |
| − | <TR><TH>Fem<TD> | + | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>dhì-se |
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| + | ==Possessive inflected forms:== | ||
| − | + | There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and the other is not | |
| − | + | ===Uncontracted forms=== | |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
| − | == | ||
| − | |||
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>do mo<sup>L</sup><TD>do ar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>do mo<sup>L</sup><TD>do ar<sup>N</sup> | ||
| Line 45: | Line 46: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>do a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">do an<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>do a<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">do an<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>do a<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>do a<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | ''do am'' is used instead of do an "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[ | + | ''do am'' is used instead of ''do an'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki> |
| − | ==Lenited Contracted forms== | + | ===Lenited Contracted forms=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dham<sup>L</sup><TD>dhar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dham<sup>L</sup><TD>dhar<sup>N</sup> | ||
| Line 55: | Line 56: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dhan<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>dha<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dhan<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>dha<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>dha<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | ''dham'' is used instead of dhan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[ | + | ''dham'' is used instead of ''dhan'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki> |
| − | ==Unlenited Contracted forms== | + | ===Unlenited Contracted forms=== |
| − | + | <TABLE columns="4" border=1 cellpadding=2, rules="all"> | |
<TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | <TR><TH colspan="2"><TH colspan="1">singular<TH colspan="1">plural | ||
<TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dom<sup>L</sup><TD>dar<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH colspan="2">1st<TD>dom<sup>L</sup><TD>dar<sup>N</sup> | ||
| Line 65: | Line 66: | ||
<TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>da<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dan<sup>N</sup> | <TR><TH rowspan="2">3rd<TH>Masc<TD>da<sup>L</sup><TD rowspan="2">dan<sup>N</sup> | ||
<TR><TH>Fem<TD>da<sup>H</sup> | <TR><TH>Fem<TD>da<sup>H</sup> | ||
| − | </TABLE> | + | </TABLE> |
| − | ''dam'' is used instead of dan "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[labial]] [[ | + | ''dam'' is used instead of ''dan'' "to their" in front of words beginning with the [[Labial (definition)|labial]] [[Consonant (definition)|consonants]] <nowiki><b>, <p>, <m>, and <f></nowiki> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ==References== | |
| − | Mark, Colin (2004) | + | Mark, Colin (2004) ''The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla.'' London: Routledge |
| − | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| − | In this document, as elsewhere, | + | In this document, as elsewhere, <sup>L</sup> indicates [[lenition]] and <sup>N</sup> indicates [[eclipsis]], (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and <sup>H</sup> indicates [[antilenition]] (the prefixation of h before words beginning with vowels). |
Latest revision as of 14:16, 31 July 2012
- for other uses of do see Do (disambiguation)
- for a complete list of prepositions see Prepositions
Gaelic preposition, meaning roughly "for" or "to". It governs the dative case, and triggers lenition on following indefinite nouns.
Contents
Simple forms
- bare form: doL 'to a'
- definite form: donL 'to the'
Basic inflected forms
Like most prepositions, do can be inflected for person, number, and gender. For example, to say "to me", we use the single word dhomh.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhomh | dhuinn | |
| 2nd | dhut/dhuit | dhuibh | |
| 3rd | Masc | dha | dhaibh |
| Fem | dhi | ||
Emphatic Inflected forms
Special emphatic forms are used if we want to emphasize the pronoun in the inflected preposition. (e.g. ormsa "on ME")
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhòmh-sa | dhuinn-ne | |
| 2nd | dhut-sa/dhuit-sa | dhuibh-se | |
| 3rd | Masc | dhà-san | dhaibh-san |
| Fem | dhì-se | ||
Possessive inflected forms:
There are three possible forms for combinations of the preposition with a possessive pronoun. There are forms without contraction, and two different kinds of contraction where one is lenited and the other is not
Uncontracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | do moL | do arN | |
| 2nd | do doL | do urN | |
| 3rd | Masc | do aL | do anN |
| Fem | do aH | ||
do am is used instead of do an "to their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
Lenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dhamL | dharN | |
| 2nd | dhadL | dhurN | |
| 3rd | Masc | dhaL | dhanN |
| Fem | dhaH | ||
dham is used instead of dhan "to their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
Unlenited Contracted forms
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | domL | darN | |
| 2nd | dodL | durN | |
| 3rd | Masc | daL | danN |
| Fem | daH | ||
dam is used instead of dan "to their" in front of words beginning with the labial consonants <b>, <p>, <m>, and <f>
References
Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
Notes
In this document, as elsewhere, L indicates lenition and N indicates eclipsis, (prefixation of an n- before a word beginning with vowels, and a nasalization of the next consonant (not indicated in the orthography) and H indicates antilenition (the prefixation of h before words beginning with vowels).
