Difference between revisions of "Thig (irregular verb)"

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====Present tense====
 
====Present tense====
  
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As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning  ("I say something") or a progressive meaning (I am saying something) is intended,  the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., ''tha'', along with the verbal noun.
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As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning  ("I come") or a progressive meaning (I am coming) is intended,  the [[Periphrastic (definition)|periphrastic construction]] is used with the present tense of the verb ''bi'' (be), i.e., ''tha'', along with the verbal noun.
  
 
:{|
 
:{|
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|Tha||mi||a' ||ruigsinn
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|Tha||mi||a' ||tighinn
 
|-
 
|-
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|be.pres||1s||prog||reach.vn
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|be.pres||1s||prog||come.vn
 
|-
 
|-
−
|I'm reaching/I reach
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|I'm coming/I come
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>

Revision as of 17:49, 2 August 2012

The irregular verb thig means "to come". Thig is one of 11 irregular verbs in Gaelic.

Uses

Summary of forms

  • Independent forms of the verb thig are used without any particles.
  • Dependent forms of the verb thig are used after an, nach, gun, "cha" and other verbal particles.


context independent Dependent
basic forms active past thàinig tàinig
Future thig tig
Relative Future --- thig
impersonal1 past thàinigeadh or thàinigeas tàinigeadh or tàinigeas
future thig(t)ear tig(t)ear
relative future --- thig(t)ear
Conditional Mood active thigeadh2
(thiginn1 in 1st sing)
(thigeamaid1,3 in 1 pl) 		tigeadh2
(tiginn 1 in 1st sing)
(tigeamaid1,3 in 1pl)
impersonal thigte tigte
Imperative Mood 2nd person singular thig ---
plural thigibh1
verbal noun tighinn

Notes:

  • 1 these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb (Pro-Drop)
  • 2 takes tu rather than thu in the 2nd person.
  • 3 1 pl inflected forms are archaic and are rarely used anymore.

Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)

Active Voice

Past tense

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question embedded
1 thàinig mi an tàinig mi cha tàinig mi nach tàinig mi gun tàinig mi
2 thàinig thu an tàinig thu cha tàinig thu nach tàinig thu gun tàinig thu
3 masc thàinig e an tàinig e cha tàinig e nach tàinig e gun tàinig e
3 fem thàinig i an tàinig i cha tàinig i nach tàinig i gun tàinig i
1 pl thàinig sinn an tàinig sinn cha tàinig sinn nach tàinig sinn gun tàinig sinn
2 pl thàinig sibh an tàinig sibh cha tàinig sibh nach tàinig sibh gun tàinig sibh
3 pl thàinig iad an tàinig iad cha tàinig iad nach tàinig iad gun tàinig iad


Present tense

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I come") or a progressive meaning (I am coming) is intended, the periphrastic construction is used with the present tense of the verb bi (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

Tha mi a' tighinn
be.pres 1s prog come.vn
I'm coming/I come


Future tense

The future tense in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is habitual.

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question Relative Future1
1 ruigidh mi an ruig mi cha ruig nach ruig mi a ruigeas mi
2 ruigidh2 tu an ruig thu cha ruig thu nach ruig thu a ruigeas2 tu
3 masc ruigidh e an ruig e cha ruig e nach ruig e a ruigeas e
3 fem ruigidh i an ruig i cha ruig i nach ruig i a ruigeas i
1 pl ruigidh sinn an ruig sinn cha ruig sinn nach ruig sinn a ruigeas sinn
2 pl ruigidh sibh an ruig sibh cha ruig sibh nach ruig sibh a ruigeas sibh
3 pl ruigidh iad an ruig iad cha ruig iad nach ruig iad a ruigeas iad

Note:

  1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as ma or the particle used with questions a.
  2. after ruigidh and ruigeas, the 2nd person is tu rather than thu.


Impersonal/Passive Voice

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a Passive verb form. It does, however, have an impersonal form. The Impersonal is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. '


Past tense

Note: these forms are archaic and almost never used anymore

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
ràinigeadh an do ràinigead cha do ràinigeadh nach do ràinigeadh


Present tense

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. We leave this blank here.


Future tense

The future tense impersonal form is ruigear, both as a simple form and with particles (an ruigear, cha ruigear, nach ruigear, a ruigear, etc.)


Conditional Mood

Active

Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
1 ruiginn1 an ruiginn1 cha ruiginn1 nach ruiginn1
2 ruigeadh tu2 an ruigeadh2 tu cha ruigeadh2 tu nach ruigeadh2 tu
3 masc ruigeadh e an ruigeadh e cha ruigeadh e nach ruigeadh e
3 fem ruigeadh i an ruigeadh i cha ruigeadh i nach ruigeadh i
1 pl ruigeadh sinn (ruigeamaid3) an ruigeadh sinn (an ruigeamaid3) cha ruigeadh sinn (cha ruigeamaid3) nach ruigeamaid sinn (nach ruigeamaid3)
2 pl ruigeadh sibh an ruigeadh sibh cha ruigeadh sibh nach ruigeadh sibh
3 pl ruigeadh iad an ruigeadh iad cha ruigeadh iad nach ruigeadh iad

Notes:

  1. The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
  2. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu
  3. The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.


passive

!Declarative Question Negative Negative Question
ruigte an ruigte cha ruigte nach ruigte


Imperative Mood

  • singular: ruig
  • plural: ruigibh



References

  • Black, Ronald (2006) Cothrom Ionnsachaidh Peebles: Self-published.
  • Byrne, Michel (2002) Gràmar na Gàidhlig. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
  • Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
  • Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
  • Mark, Colin (2006), Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
  • Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa
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