Ruig (irregular verb)

The irregular verb ruig means "to reach" or "to arrive at". rach is one of 11 irregular verbs in Gaelic.

Uses

"ruig air" = afford

Summary of forms

• Independent forms of the verb ruig are used without any particles.
• Dependent forms of the verb ruig are used after an, nach, gun, "cha" and other verbal particles.

context			independent	Dependent
basic forms	active	past	ràinig	d'ràinig or do ràinig
		Future	ruigidh2	ruig
		Relative Future	---	ruigeas2
	impersonal1	past	ràinigeadh	d'ràinigeadh or do ràinigeadh
		future	ruigear
		relative future	---	ruigear
Conditional Mood	active		ruigeadh2 (ruiginn1 in 1st sing) (ruigeamaid1 in 1 pl)
	impersonal		ruigte
Imperative Mood	2nd person	singular	ruig	---
		plural	ruigibh1
verbal noun			ruigsinn or ruighinn or ruigheachd

Notes:

• ¹ these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb (Pro-Drop)
• ² takes tu rather than thu in the 2nd person.

Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)

Active Voice

Past tense

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question	embedded
1	ràinig mi	an do ràinig mi	cha do ràinig mi	nach do ràinig mi	gun do ràinig mi
2	ràinig thu	an do ràinig thu	cha do ràinig thu	nach do ràinig thu	gun do ràinig thu
3 masc	ràinig e	an do ràinig e	cha do ràinig e	nach do ràinig e	gun do ràinig e
3 fem	ràinig i	an do ràinig i	cha do ràinig i	nach do ràinig i	gun do ràinig i
1 pl	ràinig sinn	an do ràinig sinn	cha do ràinig sinn	nach do ràinig sinn	gun do ràinig sinn
2 pl	ràinig sibh	an do ràinig sibh	cha do ràinig sibh	nach do ràinig sibh	gun do ràinig sibh
3 pl	ràinig iad	an do ràinig iad	cha do ràinig iad	nach do ràinig iad	gun do ràinig) iad

Present tense

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I say something") or a progressive meaning (I am saying something) is intended, the periphrastic construction is used with the present tense of the verb bi (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

Tha	mi	a	ruigsinn
be.pres	1s	prog	reach.vn
I'm reaching/I reach

Future tense

The future tense in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is habitual.

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question	Relative Future1
1	thèid mi	an tèid mi	cha tèid mi	nach tèid mi	a thèid mi
2	thèid thu	an tèid thu	cha tèid thu	nach tèid thu	a thèid thu
3 masc	thèid e	an tèid e	cha tèid e	nach tèid e	a thèid e
3 fem	thèid i	an tèid i	cha tèid i	nach tèid i	a thèid i
1 pl	thèid sinn	an tèid sinn	cha tèid sinn	nach tèid sinn	a thèid sinn
2 pl	thèid sibh	an tèid sibh	cha tèid sibh	nach tèid sibh	a thèid sibh
3 pl	thèid iad	an tèid iad	cha tèid iad	nach tèid iad	a thèid iad

Note:

1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as ma or the particle used with questions a.

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Impersonal/Passive Voice

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a Passive verb form. Instead the passive is typically represented through a periphrastic construction using the verbs Rach or Tha + the passive marker air. It does, however, have an impersonal form. The Impersonal is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. Rachar

Since go is an intransitive verb you'll never find these forms with a pronoun

Past tense

Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
rachar chaidheas	an d'rachar an deachas	cha d'rachar cha deachas	nach d'rachar nach deachas

Present tense

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. We leave this blank here.

Future tense

Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question	Relative Future1
thèidear	an tèidear	chan tèidear	nach tèidear	a thèidear

Notes

1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as a the particle used with questions, or ma "if".

Conditional Mood

Active

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
1	rachainn1	an rachainn	cha rachainn	nach rachainn
2	rachadh tu2	an rachadh tu	cha rachadh tu	nach rachadh tu
3 masc	rachadh e	an rachadh e	cha rachadh e	nach rachadh e
3 fem	rachadh i	an abradh i	cha rachadh i	nach rachadh i
1 pl	rachadh sinn (rachamaid3)	an rachadh sinn (an rachamaid3)	cha rachadh sinn (cha rachamaid3)	nach rachadh sinn (nach rachamaid3)
2 pl	rachadh sibh	an rachadh sibh	cha rachadh sibh	nach rachadh sibh
3 pl	rachadh iad	an rachadh iad	cha rachadh iad	nach rachadh iad

Notes:

1. The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
2. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu
3. The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.

passive

!Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
rachte reighte dheighte	an rachte an d'reighte an deighte	cha rachte cha d'reighte cha deighte	nach rachte nach d'reighte nach deighte

Imperative Mood

Rach is almost never used as the imperative of 'go'. Instead thalla (meaning "go away") is much more commonly used.

References

• Black, Ronald (2006) Cothrom Ionnsachaidh Peebles: Self-published.
• Byrne, Michel (2002) Gràmar na Gàidhlig. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
• Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
• Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
• Mark, Colin (2006), Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
• Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa