Thig (irregular verb)

The irregular verb ruig means "to reach" or "to arrive at". ruig is one of 11 irregular verbs in Gaelic.

Uses

"ruig air" = afford

Summary of forms

• Independent forms of the verb ruig are used without any particles.
• Dependent forms of the verb ruig are used after an, nach, gun, "cha" and other verbal particles.

context			independent	Dependent
basic forms	active	past	ràinig	d'ràinig or do ràinig
		Future	ruigidh2	ruig
		Relative Future	---	ruigeas2
	impersonal1	past	ràinigeadh	d'ràinigeadh or do ràinigeadh
		future	ruigear
		relative future	---	ruigear
Conditional Mood	active		thigeadh2 (thiginn1 in 1st sing) (thigeamaid1,3 in 1 pl)	tigeadh2 (tiginn 1 in 1st sing) (tigeamaid1,3 in 1pl)
	impersonal		ruigte
Imperative Mood	2nd person	singular	ruig	---
		plural	ruigibh1
verbal noun			tighinn

Notes:

• ¹ these forms are not used with any subject, they contain the subject in the inflection of the verb (Pro-Drop)
• ² takes tu rather than thu in the 2nd person.
• ³ 1 pl inflected forms are archaic and are rarely used anymore.

Non Conditional Moods (indicative, interrogative, negative)

Active Voice

Past tense

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question	embedded
1	ràinig mi	an do ràinig mi	cha do ràinig mi	nach do ràinig mi	gun do ràinig mi
2	ràinig thu	an do ràinig thu	cha do ràinig thu	nach do ràinig thu	gun do ràinig thu
3 masc	ràinig e	an do ràinig e	cha do ràinig e	nach do ràinig e	gun do ràinig e
3 fem	ràinig i	an do ràinig i	cha do ràinig i	nach do ràinig i	gun do ràinig i
1 pl	ràinig sinn	an do ràinig sinn	cha do ràinig sinn	nach do ràinig sinn	gun do ràinig sinn
2 pl	ràinig sibh	an do ràinig sibh	cha do ràinig sibh	nach do ràinig sibh	gun do ràinig sibh
3 pl	ràinig iad	an do ràinig iad	cha do ràinig iad	nach do ràinig iad	gun do ràinig) iad

Present tense

As is common in Gaelic, there is no present tense form of the verb. When a simple present meaning ("I say something") or a progressive meaning (I am saying something) is intended, the periphrastic construction is used with the present tense of the verb bi (be), i.e., tha, along with the verbal noun.

Tha	mi	a'	ruigsinn
be.pres	1s	prog	reach.vn
I'm reaching/I reach

Future tense

The future tense in Gaelic is used to express the idea that an event will happen sometime after the speech time. Unlike English, the future tense can also be used with a present tense meaning, to express the idea that an action is habitual.

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question	Relative Future1
1	ruigidh mi	an ruig mi	cha ruig	nach ruig mi	a ruigeas mi
2	ruigidh2 tu	an ruig thu	cha ruig thu	nach ruig thu	a ruigeas2 tu
3 masc	ruigidh e	an ruig e	cha ruig e	nach ruig e	a ruigeas e
3 fem	ruigidh i	an ruig i	cha ruig i	nach ruig i	a ruigeas i
1 pl	ruigidh sinn	an ruig sinn	cha ruig sinn	nach ruig sinn	a ruigeas sinn
2 pl	ruigidh sibh	an ruig sibh	cha ruig sibh	nach ruig sibh	a ruigeas sibh
3 pl	ruigidh iad	an ruig iad	cha ruig iad	nach ruig iad	a ruigeas iad

Note:

1. the relative future is used after certain particles such as ma or the particle used with questions a.
2. after ruigidh and ruigeas, the 2nd person is tu rather than thu.

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Impersonal/Passive Voice

Gaelic verbs don't technically have a Passive verb form. It does, however, have an impersonal form. The Impersonal is used to indicate an indeterminate subject. '

Past tense

Note: these forms are archaic and almost never used anymore

Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
ràinigeadh	an do ràinigead	cha do ràinigeadh	nach do ràinigeadh

Present tense

The use of a passive in the present tense is odd, even in English. We leave this blank here.

Future tense

The future tense impersonal form is ruigear, both as a simple form and with particles (an ruigear, cha ruigear, nach ruigear, a ruigear, etc.)

Conditional Mood

Active

	Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
1	ruiginn1	an ruiginn1	cha ruiginn1	nach ruiginn1
2	ruigeadh tu2	an ruigeadh2 tu	cha ruigeadh2 tu	nach ruigeadh2 tu
3 masc	ruigeadh e	an ruigeadh e	cha ruigeadh e	nach ruigeadh e
3 fem	ruigeadh i	an ruigeadh i	cha ruigeadh i	nach ruigeadh i
1 pl	ruigeadh sinn (ruigeamaid3)	an ruigeadh sinn (an ruigeamaid3)	cha ruigeadh sinn (cha ruigeamaid3)	nach ruigeamaid sinn (nach ruigeamaid3)
2 pl	ruigeadh sibh	an ruigeadh sibh	cha ruigeadh sibh	nach ruigeadh sibh
3 pl	ruigeadh iad	an ruigeadh iad	cha ruigeadh iad	nach ruigeadh iad

Notes:

1. The 1st person singular form is never used with an overt pronoun, the verb contains the pronoun already.
2. The pronoun tu is used here instead of thu
3. The 1st person plural has a special inflected form, which like the first person singular is never used with a pronoun. This 1st person plural form is rarely used anymore.

passive

!Declarative	Question	Negative	Negative Question
ruigte	an ruigte	cha ruigte	nach ruigte

Imperative Mood

• singular: ruig
• plural: ruigibh

References

• Black, Ronald (2006) Cothrom Ionnsachaidh Peebles: Self-published.
• Byrne, Michel (2002) Gràmar na Gàidhlig. Eilean Leòdhais: Stòrlann-Acair.
• Deiseal Earranta tta (2006) Reference Cards: Sealbhairean Roimhearach/Riochdairean Roimhearach.
• Mark, Colin (2004) The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Am faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla. London: Routledge
• Mark, Colin (2006), Gaelic Verbs: Systemised and Simplified" 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Steve Savage Publishers. http://www.savagepublishers.com/138.html
• Lamb, William (2003) Scottish Gaelic. 2nd edition. Munich: Lingcom Europa