Difference between revisions of "Grammatical (Viewpoint) Aspect"

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''For a definition of the term '''aspect''' see [[Aspect (definition)]]''
 
''For a definition of the term '''aspect''' see [[Aspect (definition)]]''
  
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Scottish Gaelic makes several semantic distinctions of viewpoint aspect, including Perfective (Aorist), Imperfective, Habitual, Stative, Perfect, After-Perfect, Prospective, and Proximate Prospective. These semantic distinctions are variously instantiated in the morphosyntax. Specifically, all of the various aspects in SG are marked with particles expect for the perfective aspect.
  
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Scottish Gaelic makes several semantic distinctions of viewpoint aspect, including Perfective (Aorist), Imperfective, Habitual, Stative, Perfect, After-Perfect, Prospective, and Proximate Prospective. These semantic distinctions are variously instantiated in the morphosyntax.
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{|:
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|NAME
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|SG PARTICLES
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|ENGLISH EXAMPLE
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|-
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|Perfect
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|''air'' 'on'
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|''I have eaten''
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|-
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|After-Perfect
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|''as deidh'' 'after'
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|''I have just eaten''
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|-
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|Prospective
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|''a' dol do'' 'going to
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|''I am about to eat''
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|-
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|Restricted Prospective  
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|''gu'' 'to/until'
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|''I am about to eat''
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|-
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|Imperfective
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|''a''' 'at'
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|''I am eating''
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|-
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|perfective
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|[analytic form]
 +
|I ate
 +
|}
 
== [[Aorist Aspect (definition)|Perfective (Aorist)]] ==
 
== [[Aorist Aspect (definition)|Perfective (Aorist)]] ==
  

Revision as of 08:53, 3 October 2012

For a definition of the term grammatical aspect see Grammatical Aspect (definition); For a definition of the term aspect see Aspect (definition)

Scottish Gaelic makes several semantic distinctions of viewpoint aspect, including Perfective (Aorist), Imperfective, Habitual, Stative, Perfect, After-Perfect, Prospective, and Proximate Prospective. These semantic distinctions are variously instantiated in the morphosyntax. Specifically, all of the various aspects in SG are marked with particles expect for the perfective aspect.

NAME SG PARTICLES ENGLISH EXAMPLE
Perfect air 'on' I have eaten
After-Perfect as deidh 'after' I have just eaten
Prospective a' dol do 'going to I am about to eat
Restricted Prospective gu 'to/until' I am about to eat
Imperfective a' 'at' I am eating
perfective [analytic form] I ate

Perfective (Aorist)

Imperfective also known as the Progressive

With a full NP object:

  • Be + subject + ag + VN +object (if definite, then genitive)
  • Tha mi ag deànamh an obair

with a pronominal object

  • Be + subject +gam/gad/ga/etc. + vn
  • tha e 'gam choinneachadh
  • He's meeting me.

Habitual

Stative

Perfect

There are two distinct perfect aspects in SG, (1) unrestricted perfect and (2) restricted perfect. In the former, the particle air is placed after the subject, whereas in the latter case the complex particle as deidh occupies the position. The unrestricted perfect merely indicates that the event has taken place prior to the reference, but the restricted version adds another stipulation on the relationship between event and reference: the event must precede the reference by only a very short time. The rough translation for the restricted aspect into English yields 'I had just/recently gone to the store'.


Be + subject + air + (object) + (prt) + verbal noun

  • Bha mi air an obair a dheànamh

With an object pronoun: Be + subject + air +possessive pronoun + verbal noun

  • Bha mi air a dheanamh "I had done it"

Unrestricted Perfect

takes Inverted Nominal

Bha/tha/bithidh mi air litir a sgriobhadh
be.past/be.pres/be.fut 1sg AIR letter Agreement write.vn
'I had/have/will have written a letter.'

Restricted Perfect (After Perfect)

takes Inverted Nominal

Bha/tha/bithidh mi as deidh litir a sgriobhadh
be.past/be.pres/be.fut 1sg AS DEIDH letter Agreement write.vn
'I had/have/will have (just/recently) written a letter.'

Prospective

uses a' dol a + infinitive

  • Bha/tha/bithidh Calum a’ dol a phòsadh
  • Màiri. be.PAST/be.PRES/be.FUT Calum PROG go.VN PRT marry.VN Màiri
  • ‘Calum was/is/will be going to marry Màiri.’

Proximate perspective

takes Inverted Nominal

  • Tha mi gu litir a sgrìobhadh.
  • Is 1S GU letter TRAN write.VN
  • ‘I am about to write a letter.’

See Also

External Links

References

  • MacDonald, J.A. (1976) Gàidhlig Bheo, vol 3 National Extension College
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