Difference between revisions of "Genitive Formation"

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(Declension Class B: Attenuate the final consonant)
(Declension Class D: Suffix either e or a (ə))
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====Declension Class D: Suffix either e or a (ə) ====
 
====Declension Class D: Suffix either e or a (ə) ====
  
 +
'''''Class D1: suffix -e''''''
 
*an t-Sàbaid --> na Sàbaide (but note Latha na Sabaid with no e)
 
*an t-Sàbaid --> na Sàbaide (but note Latha na Sabaid with no e)
 +
 +
'''''Class D2: suffix -e, attenuate final consonant with -i-''''''
 +
'''''Class D3: suffix -e, attenuate with a vowel change'''''
 +
'''''Class D4: suffix -e, attenuate, prepositional form is different'''''
 +
'''''Class D5: suffix -e, syncope'''''
 +
'''''Class D6: suffix -a''''''
 +
*an t-am --> an ama
 +
'''''Class D7: suffix -a, broaden by deleting orthographic i'''''
 +
'''''Class D8: suffix -a, broaden by orthographic vowel change''''''
  
 
====Declension Class E: Suffix -d====
 
====Declension Class E: Suffix -d====

Revision as of 20:22, 5 August 2012

Genitive Articles

The genitive is used to indicate an object that is a possessor.

The masculine singular genitive pattern is identical to the feminine common case pattern, and dative case forms.

Singular Masculine Genitive
Before form Example
labial and velar stops (b, p, g, c) and m a'L a' bhòrd
f anL an fhuachd
s followed by vowels, l, n, r an t- (i.e. anT) an tsluaigh
all other sounds an an taighe
(table based on Fisher (2004)


The feminine genitive is identical to common case plural

Feminine Singular Genitive
Before form Example
consonants na na muc
Vowels na h- (i.e. anH) na h-adhairce
(table based on Fisher (2004)

The plural of genitive uses some variety of Nan/Nam:

Plural Genitive of both Genders
Before form Example
labial consonants nam nam bocsaichean
All other sounds nan nan taighean
(table based on Fisher (2004)


Forming the Genitive of Nouns

Varies depending upon declension class and gender

singular

The following vowel changes mark attenuation The following vowel changes are common:

  • i) a --> ui
  • ii) ea --> i
  • iii) ea --> ei
  • iv) ia --> èi
  • v) ò --> ùi
  • vi) eu --> eòi
  • vii) io -> i (this is is rarely found after the spelling reform)


Declension Class A: The Genitive and the Common class are identical

  • an duine --> peann an duine
  • am posta --> peann a' phosta

Declension Class B: Attenuate the final consonant

Class B1: insert an i before the final consonant

  • an cat --> a' chait
  • an cladach --> a' chladaich
  • an sabhal --> an t-sabhail
  • am balach --> a' bhalaich
  • an rathad --> an rathaid
  • an glumag --> a' ghlumaig

Class B2: Change the final vowel

  • an t-allt --> an uillt (B2i)
  • an ceann --> a' chinn (B2ii)
  • an t-each --> an eich (B2iii)
  • am fiadh --> an fhèidh (B2iv)
  • an t-òrd --> an ùird (B2v)
  • an eun --> an eòin (B2vi)

Declension Class C: Broaden the final consonant

Declension Class D: Suffix either e or a (ə)

Class D1: suffix -e'

  • an t-Sàbaid --> na Sàbaide (but note Latha na Sabaid with no e)

Class D2: suffix -e, attenuate final consonant with -i-' Class D3: suffix -e, attenuate with a vowel change Class D4: suffix -e, attenuate, prepositional form is different Class D5: suffix -e, syncope Class D6: suffix -a'

  • an t-am --> an ama

Class D7: suffix -a, broaden by deleting orthographic i Class D8: suffix -a, broaden by orthographic vowel change'

Declension Class E: Suffix -d

Declension Class F: Suffix -n

  • an cù --> biadh a' choin

Declension Class G: Suffix -(e)ach

Irregular Nouns

Word Order in Possessive Genitive Constructions

Possessed + Genitive Article + possessor (genitive case)

Forming the Genitive of Adjectives

beag --> bhig (m),

See Also